Python+requests+pytest+allure封装接口自动化9-复杂结构json数据提取及替换

一、JSONPATH的介绍使用

复杂json结构数据的提取，对于复杂的json数据，如果想快速提取，那么可以采用jsonpath的技术来做

1. jsonpath的基本规则

在线调试工具： http://www.e123456.com/aaaphp/online/jsonpath/

基本规则： https://goessner.net/articles/JsonPath/index.html#e2

2. python中jsonpath安装

#windows
pip install jsonpath
# mac
python3 -m pip install jsonpath

二、JSONPATH的封装,读取JSON值

import jsonpath
from jsonpath_rw import Index, Fields
from jsonpath_rw_ext import parse
from common.logger import GetLogger

logger = GetLogger.get_logger()


# 提取json的值
def extract_json(json_object, express, index=0):
    res = jsonpath.jsonpath(json_object, express)
    try:
        if res:
            # 如果index小于0,则认为你是要所有的匹配结果
            if index < 0:
                return res
            # 如果不小于0，那么你传几，就代表你要的是匹配结果的某一个
            else:
                return res[index]
        logger.info(f'通过{express}提取到的结果是：{res}')
    except:
        logger.exception(f'通过表达式{express}没有提取到值！')


if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = { "store":
            {
            "book": [
              { "category": "reference",
                "author": "Nigel Rees",
                "title": "Sayings of the Century",
                "price": 8.95
              },
              { "category": "fiction",
                "author": "Evelyn Waugh",
                "title": "Sword of Honour",
                "price": 12.99
              },
              { "category": "fiction",
                "author": "Herman Melville",
                "title": "Moby Dick",
                "isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
                "price": 8.99
              },
              { "category": "fiction",
                "author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",
                "title": "The Lord of the Rings",
                "isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
                "price": 22.99
              }
            ],
            "bicycle": {
              "color": "red",
              "price": 19.95
            }
          }
        }
    # 注意：jsonpath一旦能匹配到数据，不管数据是几个，返回结果都是个列表
    # 注意：jsonpath一旦匹配不到数据，那么结果是False
    # res = jsonpath.jsonpath(s,'$..color1')
    res = extract_json(s,'$..title',3)
    print(res)

三、JSONPATH实现更改JSON值封装

1、jsonpath实现json数据替换

针对添加接口编写数据驱动方式的测试用例，使用excel来存储他的测试数据，但是该接口参数很多，如果按照一列对应一个参数的话，不好维护；

那么可否针对要测试的字段作为一列数据，至于接口其他的没有被测试的字段全部采用接口的默认

值；

#windows
pip install jsonpath-rw
pip install jsonpath-rw-ext
# mac
python3 -m pip install jsonpath-rw
python3 -m pip install jsonpath-rw-ext

封装一个方法来实现json数据的替换

import jsonpath
from jsonpath_rw import Index, Fields
from jsonpath_rw_ext import parse
from common.logger import GetLogger

logger = GetLogger.get_logger()


# 提取json的值
def extract_json(json_object, express, index=0):
    res = jsonpath.jsonpath(json_object, express)
    try:
        if res:
            # 如果index小于0,则认为你是要所有的匹配结果
            if index < 0:
                return res
            # 如果不小于0，那么你传几，就代表你要的是匹配结果的某一个
            else:
                return res[index]
        logger.info(f'通过{express}提取到的结果是：{res}')
    except:
        logger.exception(f'通过表达式{express}没有提取到值！')


# 修改JSON的值
def update_value_to_json(json_object, json_path, new_value):
    json_path_expr = parse(json_path)
    # print(json_path_expr)
    for match in json_path_expr.find(json_object):
        # print(match)
        path = match.path
        print(path)
        if isinstance(path, Index):
            match.context.value[match.path.index] = new_value
        elif isinstance(path, Fields):
            match.context.value[match.path.fields[0]] = new_value
    return json_object


if __name__ == '__main__':
    s = { "store":
            {
            "book": [
              { "category": "reference",
                "author": "Nigel Rees",
                "title": "Sayings of the Century",
                "price": 8.95
              },
              { "category": "fiction",
                "author": "Evelyn Waugh",
                "title": "Sword of Honour",
                "price": 12.99
              },
              { "category": "fiction",
                "author": "Herman Melville",
                "title": "Moby Dick",
                "isbn": "0-553-21311-3",
                "price": 8.99
              },
              { "category": "fiction",
                "author": "J. R. R. Tolkien",
                "title": "The Lord of the Rings",
                "isbn": "0-395-19395-8",
                "price": 22.99
              }
            ],
            "bicycle": {
              "color": "red",
              "price": 19.95
            }
          }
        }
    # 注意：jsonpath一旦能匹配到数据，不管数据是几个，返回结果都是个列表
    # 注意：jsonpath一旦匹配不到数据，那么结果是False
    # res = jsonpath.jsonpath(s,'$..color1')
    res = extract_json(s,'$..title',3)
    print(res)

    # 修改s这个json里的第一个category
    s = update_value_to_json(s,'$..book[0].category','aaaaaaaaaa')
    print(s)