6.2 globalmem虚拟设备实例学习

anieoo

已于 2022-05-11 17:45:33 修改

阅读量482

点赞数 1

分类专栏： linux驱动 # Linux设备驱动(宋宝华) 文章标签：学习 linux

于 2022-05-11 16:56:21 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42174306/article/details/124711749

版权

linux驱动同时被 2 个专栏收录

40 篇文章 24 订阅

订阅专栏

Linux设备驱动(宋宝华)

12 篇文章 6 订阅

订阅专栏

在本节中介绍了关于globalmem字符设备驱动，其功能对应：分配一个4KB大小的内存空间,并提供函数接口给应用程序用来针对该内存的读写、控制核定位函数。

首先贴上，驱动代码：

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>

#define GLOBALMEM_SIZE	0x1000
#define MEM_CLEAR 0x1
#define GLOBALMEM_MAJOR 230

static int globalmem_major = GLOBALMEM_MAJOR;
module_param(globalmem_major, int, S_IRUGO);

struct globalmem_dev {
	struct cdev cdev;
	unsigned char mem[GLOBALMEM_SIZE];
};

struct globalmem_dev *globalmem_devp;

static int globalmem_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	filp->private_data = globalmem_devp;
	return 0;
}

static int globalmem_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp)
{
	return 0;
}

static long globalmem_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
			    unsigned long arg)
{
	struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;

	switch (cmd) {
	case MEM_CLEAR:
		memset(dev->mem, 0, GLOBALMEM_SIZE);
		printk(KERN_INFO "globalmem is set to zero\n");
		break;

	default:
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	return 0;
}

static ssize_t globalmem_read(struct file *filp, char __user * buf, size_t size,
			      loff_t * ppos)
{
	unsigned long p = *ppos;
	unsigned int count = size;
	int ret = 0;
	struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;

	if (p >= GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
		return 0;
	if (count > GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p)
		count = GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p;

	if (copy_to_user(buf, dev->mem + p, count)) {
		ret = -EFAULT;
	} else {
		*ppos += count;
		ret = count;

		printk(KERN_INFO "read %u bytes(s) from %lu\n", count, p);
	}

	return ret;
}

static ssize_t globalmem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user * buf,
			       size_t size, loff_t * ppos)
{
	unsigned long p = *ppos;
	unsigned int count = size;
	int ret = 0;
	struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;

	if (p >= GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
		return 0;
	if (count > GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p)
		count = GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p;

	if (copy_from_user(dev->mem + p, buf, count))
		ret = -EFAULT;
	else {
		*ppos += count;
		ret = count;

		printk(KERN_INFO "written %u bytes(s) from %lu\n", count, p);
	}

	return ret;
}

static loff_t globalmem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int orig)
{
	loff_t ret = 0;
	switch (orig) {
	case 0:
		if (offset < 0) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		if ((unsigned int)offset > GLOBALMEM_SIZE) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		filp->f_pos = (unsigned int)offset;
		ret = filp->f_pos;
		break;
	case 1:
		if ((filp->f_pos + offset) > GLOBALMEM_SIZE) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		if ((filp->f_pos + offset) < 0) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		filp->f_pos += offset;
		ret = filp->f_pos;
		break;
	default:
		ret = -EINVAL;
		break;
	}
	return ret;
}

static const struct file_operations globalmem_fops = {
	.owner = THIS_MODULE,
	.llseek = globalmem_llseek,
	.read = globalmem_read,
	.write = globalmem_write,
	.unlocked_ioctl = globalmem_ioctl,
	.open = globalmem_open,
	.release = globalmem_release,
};

static void globalmem_setup_cdev(struct globalmem_dev *dev, int index)
{
	int err, devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major, index);

	cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &globalmem_fops);
	dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
	err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
	if (err)
		printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding globalmem%d", err, index);
}

static int __init globalmem_init(void)
{
	int ret;
	dev_t devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major, 0);

	if (globalmem_major)
		ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "globalmem");
	else {
		ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "globalmem");
		globalmem_major = MAJOR(devno);
	}
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	globalmem_devp = kzalloc(sizeof(struct globalmem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!globalmem_devp) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto fail_malloc;
	}

	globalmem_setup_cdev(globalmem_devp, 0);
	return 0;

 fail_malloc:
	unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
	return ret;
}
module_init(globalmem_init);

static void __exit globalmem_exit(void)
{
	cdev_del(&globalmem_devp->cdev);
	kfree(globalmem_devp);
	unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalmem_major, 0), 1);
}
module_exit(globalmem_exit);

MODULE_AUTHOR("Barry Song <baohua@kernel.org>");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL v2");

下面将对该驱动逐一进行分析：

一、头文件、设备结构体

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cdev.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>

#define GLOBALMEM_SIZE	0x1000
#define MEM_CLEAR 0x1
#define GLOBALMEM_MAJOR 230

static int globalmem_major = GLOBALMEM_MAJOR;
module_param(globalmem_major, int, S_IRUGO);

struct globalmem_dev {
	struct cdev cdev;
	unsigned char mem[GLOBALMEM_SIZE];
};

struct globalmem_dev *globalmem_devp;

① 包含了基础字符设备驱动所需要的包含的头文件
② 宏定义：GLOBALMEM_SIZE：字符设备创建的内存空间数量
MEM_CLEAR:内存清除指令,与应用传递的值相对应
GLOBALMEM_MAJOR: 该字符设备驱动主设备号
③ static int globalmem_major = GLOBALMEM_MAJOR :定义了主设备号
④ module_param(globalmem_major, int, S_IRUGO):模块传递参数，在加载模块的时候可以自己传递。
⑤ struct globalmem_dev 结构体定义：将字符设备cdev 和所创建的内存封装在一个结构体中，方便进行管理。

二、字符设备加载与卸载函数

字符设备初始化及添加：

static void globalmem_setup_cdev(struct globalmem_dev *dev, int index)
{
	int err, devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major, index);

	cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &globalmem_fops);
	dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
	err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1);
	if (err)
		printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding globalmem%d", err, index);
}

①MKDEV(globalmem_major, index)：MKDEV是一个宏定义：将主次设备号合成,第一个参数是定义的主设备号高12位,第二个参数是次设备号低20位。
②cdev_init(&dev->cdev, &globalmem_fops)：初始化字符设备,将定义的cdev和其设备操作函数联系起来。
③dev->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE：定义字符设备所有者
④err = cdev_add(&dev->cdev, devno, 1)：将linux内核添加该字符设备，第一个参数是该字符设备，第二个参数是设备号，第三个参数是数量

驱动入口函数：

static int __init globalmem_init(void)
{
	int ret;
	dev_t devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major, 0);

	if (globalmem_major)
		ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "globalmem");
	else {
		ret = alloc_chrdev_region(&devno, 0, 1, "globalmem");
		globalmem_major = MAJOR(devno);
	}
	if (ret < 0)
		return ret;

	globalmem_devp = kzalloc(sizeof(struct globalmem_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!globalmem_devp) {
		ret = -ENOMEM;
		goto fail_malloc;
	}

	globalmem_setup_cdev(globalmem_devp, 0);
	return 0;

 fail_malloc:
	unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
	return ret;
}

①dev_t devno = MKDEV(globalmem_major, 0)：定义一个设备号
② if else是一个条件判断,如果定义了主设备号,就用devno作为该字符设备的设备号，并注册该驱动，如果没有定义主设备号就由内核自动分配一个可用的设备号，并注册。
③globalmem_devp = kzalloc(sizeof(struct globalmem_dev), GFP_KERNEL):给设备结构体分配内存,并初始化为0.
④globalmem_setup_cdev(globalmem_devp, 0)：字符设备初始化及添加

驱动出口函数：

static void __exit globalmem_exit(void)
{
	cdev_del(&globalmem_devp->cdev);
	kfree(globalmem_devp);
	unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalmem_major, 0), 1);
}

① cdev_del(&globalmem_devp->cdev)：删除想内核添加的字符设备
② kfree(globalmem_devp)：将分配的4KB大小内存释放，避免内存泄漏
③ unregister_chrdev_region(MKDEV(globalmem_major, 0), 1)：卸载该驱动

三、字符设备操作集函数

1、读函数

static ssize_t globalmem_read(struct file *filp, char __user * buf, size_t size,
			      loff_t * ppos)
{
	unsigned long p = *ppos;
	unsigned int count = size;
	int ret = 0;
	struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;

	if (p >= GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
		return 0;
	if (count > GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p)
		count = GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p;

	if (copy_to_user(buf, dev->mem + p, count)) {
		ret = -EFAULT;
	} else {
		*ppos += count;
		ret = count;

		printk(KERN_INFO "read %u bytes(s) from %lu\n", count, p);
	}

	return ret;
}

① unsigned long p = *ppos:保存读取的位置相对于文件开头的偏移量
② unsigned int count = size:保存应用要读取的数据长度
③ filp->private_data：文件私有数据,该数据保存了该设备结构体
④ if (p >= GLOBALMEM_SIZE) return 0; 如果偏移量大于内存的长度,返回0
⑤ if (count > GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p) count = GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p:如果要读取的长度超过剩余长度,则读取至文件末尾
⑥ copy_to_user(buf, dev->mem + p, count):向用户空间传递读取的数据

2、写函数

static ssize_t globalmem_write(struct file *filp, const char __user * buf,
			       size_t size, loff_t * ppos)
{
	unsigned long p = *ppos;
	unsigned int count = size;
	int ret = 0;
	struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;

	if (p >= GLOBALMEM_SIZE)
		return 0;
	if (count > GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p)
		count = GLOBALMEM_SIZE - p;

	if (copy_from_user(dev->mem + p, buf, count))
		ret = -EFAULT;
	else {
		*ppos += count;
		ret = count;

		printk(KERN_INFO "written %u bytes(s) from %lu\n", count, p);
	}

	return ret;
}

大致流程和读操作函数是一样的。
① copy_from_user(dev->mem + p, buf, count)：将用户空间的数据拷贝到内存上

3、seek函数

文件重定位函数,可以改变文件的读写偏移量

static loff_t globalmem_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t offset, int orig)
{
	loff_t ret = 0;
	switch (orig) {
	case 0:
		if (offset < 0) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		if ((unsigned int)offset > GLOBALMEM_SIZE) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		filp->f_pos = (unsigned int)offset;
		ret = filp->f_pos;
		break;
	case 1:
		if ((filp->f_pos + offset) > GLOBALMEM_SIZE) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		if ((filp->f_pos + offset) < 0) {
			ret = -EINVAL;
			break;
		}
		filp->f_pos += offset;
		ret = filp->f_pos;
		break;
	default:
		ret = -EINVAL;
		break;
	}
	return ret;
}

文件重定位的起始地址有三种情况:同时该函数具有检测定位的合法性
①0:从文件开头进行定位
②1:从文件当前位置进行定位
③2:定位到文件末尾

4、ioctl函数

static long globalmem_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
			    unsigned long arg)
{
	struct globalmem_dev *dev = filp->private_data;

	switch (cmd) {
	case MEM_CLEAR:
		memset(dev->mem, 0, GLOBALMEM_SIZE);
		printk(KERN_INFO "globalmem is set to zero\n");
		break;

	default:
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	return 0;
}

ioctl()函数可以接收用户空间的MEM_CLEAR命令实现对内存的数据清0.

四、验证驱动

编写Makefile文件：

KERNELDIR:= /home/zyc/linux/IMX6ULL/linux/linux_alientek_my

CURRENT_PATH:= $(shell pwd)

obj-m := multi_globalmem.o
obj-m += globalmem.o

build: kernel_modules

kernel_modules:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) modules

clean:
	$(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) clean

加载驱动：modprobe globalmem.ko

创建设备节点：mknod /dev/globalmem c 230 0

写入和读取字符设备：

anieoo

关注

1
点赞
踩
7

收藏

觉得还不错? 一键收藏
0
评论
6.2 globalmem虚拟设备实例学习

在本节中介绍了关于globalmem字符设备驱动，其功能对应：分配一个4KB大小的内存空间,并提供函数接口给应用程序用来针对该内存的读写、控制核定位函数。首先贴上，驱动代码：#include <linux/module.h>#include <linux/fs.h>#include <linux/init.h>#include <linux/cdev.h>#include <linux/slab.h&gt...
复制链接

扫一扫