第4章 深层神经网络——4.2.2自定义损失函数

解决问题：判断商品多卖或者少卖对利润的影响 

import tensorflow as tf
from numpy.random import RandomState

#1.定义神经网络的相关参数和变量
batch_size = 8
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(None, 2), name="x-input")
y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, shape=(None, 1), name='y-input')
w1= tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([2, 1], stddev=1, seed=1))
y = tf.matmul(x, w1)   # y_代表正确结果， y代表预测结果

#2.设置自定义的损失函数（下面介绍了不同的几种）

# loss_less = 10
# loss_more = 1
# loss = tf.reduce_sum(tf.where(tf.greater(y, y_), (y - y_) * loss_more, (y_ - y) * loss_less))
# train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(0.001).minimize(loss)

#-----------------------------------------------------------
#重新定义损失函数，使得预测多了的损失大，于是模型应该偏向少的方向预测
# loss_less = 1
# loss_more = 10
# loss = tf.reduce_sum(tf.where(tf.greater(y, y_), (y - y_) * loss_more, (y_ - y) * loss_less))
# train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(0.001).minimize(loss)
#-----------------------------------------------------------
loss = tf.losses.mean_squared_error(y, y_)
train_step = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(0.001).minimize(loss)
#-----------------------------------------------------------

# 3.生成模拟数据集
rdm = RandomState(1)
X = rdm.rand(128,2)
Y = [[x1+x2+(rdm.rand()/10.0-0.05)] for (x1, x2) in X]  # 除10 再减0.05 什么意思

# 4.训练模型
with tf.Session() as sess:
    init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
    sess.run(init_op)
    STEPS = 5000
    for i in range(STEPS):
        start = (i*batch_size) % 128
        end = (i*batch_size) % 128 + batch_size
        sess.run(train_step, feed_dict={x: X[start:end], y_: Y[start:end]})
        if i % 1000 == 0:
            print("After %d training step(s), w1 is: " % (i))
            print (sess.run(w1), "\n")
    print ("Final w1 is: \n", sess.run(w1))