springCloud学习笔记(四)——ribbon负载均衡策略

一、ribbon的作用和含义

    Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器，它有助于控制HTTP和TCP客⼾端的⾏为。为Ribbon，配置服务提供者的地址列表后，Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法，⾃动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多的负载均衡算法，例如轮询、随机等。当然，我们也可为Ribbon实现⾃定义的负载均衡算法。在SpringCloud中，当Ribbon与Eureka配 合使⽤时，Ribbon可⾃动从EurekaServer获取服务提供者的地址列表，并基于负载均衡算法，请求其中⼀个服务提供者的实例 （为了服务的可靠性，⼀个微服务可能部署多个实例）。

二、使用步骤

1.引入jar包

        <!--   引入eureka客户端,eureka内部集成了ribbon     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

2.完整pom文件内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <artifactId>com.springcloud</artifactId>
        <groupId>com.sc2020</groupId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>consumer-eureka-client81</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>consumer-client81</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>


    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sc2020</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-payment8001</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.sc2020</groupId>
            <artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <!--   引入eureka客户端     -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
        </dependency>

    </dependencies>

</project>

3. application配置文件

server:
  port: 81

eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: true   #是否将自己注册到注册中心,集群必须设置为true配合ribbon
    fetch-registry: true    #是否从服务端抓取已有的注册信息
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka  #服务注册中心路径,一般为localhost
  instance:
    instance-id: consumer-client81
    prefer-ip-address: true
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    driver-class-name: org.gjt.mm.mysql.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://101.34.49.127:3306/cloud?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false
    username: 数据库名称
    password: 数据库密码
  application:
    name: consumer-client

mybatis:
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml

4.main启动类

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
//name表示使用负载均衡的服务名称,configuration是指定负载均衡策略类
@RibbonClient(name = "cloud-eureka-service",configuration = MyselfRule.class)
public class ConsumerEurekaClient81Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(ConsumerEurekaClient81Application.class, args);
    }

}

 5.负载均衡配置类MyselfRule

package com.example.consumerclient81.springcloud.config;

import com.netflix.loadbalancer.*;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

/**
 * @description:
 * @author: xiaYZ
 * @createDate: 2021/11/16
 * @version: 1.0
 */
@Configuration
public class MyselfRule {

    //设置RestTemplate
    @Bean
    //调用微服务项目,并负载均衡
    @LoadBalanced
    public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
        return new RestTemplate();
    }

    /**
     * description: 随机轮训策略
     * version: 1.0
     * date: 2021/11/30 13:17
     * author: xiaYZ
     * iteration: 迭代说明
     * @param 
     * @return 
     */
    @Bean
    public IRule myRule(){
        return new RandomRule();
    }

    /**
     * description: 轮询策略,Ribbon默认策略
     * version: 1.0
     * date: 2021/11/30 13:23
     * author: xiaYZ
     * iteration: 迭代说明
     * @param 
     * @return 
     */
    //@Bean
    public  IRule myRule2(){
        return  new RoundRobinRule();
    }
    
    /**
     * description: 重试策略
     * version: 1.0
     * date: 2021/11/30 13:25
     * author: xiaYZ
     * iteration: 迭代说明
     * @param 
     * @return 
     */
    //@Bean
    public  IRule myRule3(){
        return new RetryRule();
    }

    /**
     * description: 最低并发策略
     * version: 1.0
     * date: 2021/11/30 13:26
     * author: xiaYZ
     * iteration: 迭代说明
     * @param 
     * @return 
     */
    //@Bean
    public IRule myRule4(){
        return new BestAvailableRule();
    }

    /**
     * description: 可用过滤策略
     * version: 1.0
     * date: 2021/11/30 13:26
     * author: xiaYZ
     * iteration: 迭代说明
     * @param 
     * @return 
     */
    //@Bean
    public IRule myRule5(){
        return new AvailabilityFilteringRule();
    }

    /**
     * description: 响应时间加权策略
     * version: 1.0
     * date: 2021/11/30 13:27
     * author: xiaYZ
     * iteration: 迭代说明
     * @param 
     * @return 
     */
    //@Bean
    public IRule myRule6(){
        return new WeightedResponseTimeRule();
    }

    /**
     * description: 区域权衡策略
     * version: 1.0
     * date: 2021/11/30 13:27
     * author: xiaYZ
     * iteration: 迭代说明
     * @param 
     * @return 
     */
    //@Bean
    public IRule myRule7(){
        return new ZoneAvoidanceRule();
    }



}

6.Controller控制层代码

   @Resource
    RestTemplate restTemplate;

    public static final String PAYMENT_URL = "http://cloud-eureka-client";

    @GetMapping(value = "getMessage")
    public String getMessage(){
        //调用cloud-eureka-client服务中方法
        String forObject = restTemplate.getForObject( PAYMENT_URL +"/paymentController/getPortMessage", String.class);
        return forObject;
    }

7.效果展示

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项目地址: https://gitee.com/xyz1041221997/springcloud.git