JavaScript函数案例

JavaScript函数案例

1、生成数组

Array.from('foo'); 
// [ "f", "o", "o" ]

const set=new Set(['foo','bar','baz','foo'])
Array.from(set) 
// [ "foo", "bar", "baz" ]

const map = new Map([[1, 2], [2, 4], [4, 8]]);
Array.from(map);
// [[1, 2], [2, 4], [4, 8]]
const mapper = new Map([['1', 'a'], ['2', 'b']]);
Array.from(mapper.values());
// ['a', 'b'];
Array.from(mapper.keys());
// ['1', '2'];

2、数组去重合并

// 方法一
function combine(){ 
    let arr = [].concat.apply([], arguments);  //没有去重复的新数组 
    return Array.from(new Set(arr));
} 
var m = [1, 2, 2], n = [2,3,3]; 
console.log(combine(m,n));   //[1, 2, 3]

// 方法二
let myArray = ['a', 'b', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'e', 'e', 'c', 'd', 'd', 'd', 'd']
let myOrderedArray = myArray.reduce(function (accumulator, currentValue) {
  if (accumulator.indexOf(currentValue) === -1) {
    accumulator.push(currentValue)
  }
  return accumulator
}, [])
console.log(myOrderedArray)

// 方法三
let arr = [1,2,1,2,3,5,4,5,3,4,4,4,4];
let result = arr.sort().reduce((init, current) => {
    if(init.length === 0 || init[init.length-1] !== current) {
        init.push(current);
    }
    return init;
}, []);
console.log(result); //[1,2,3,4,5]

3、检测数组元素

[12, 5, 8, 130, 44].every(x => x >= 10); // false
[12, 54, 18, 130, 44].every(x => x >= 10); // true

4、筛选数组

function isBigEnough(element) {
  return element >= 10;
}
var filtered = [12, 5, 8, 130, 44].filter(isBigEnough);
// filtered is [12, 130, 44] 

var fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'grapes', 'mango', 'orange'];
function filterItems(query) {
  return fruits.filter(function(el) {
      return el.toLowerCase().indexOf(query.toLowerCase()) > -1;
  })
}
console.log(filterItems('ap')); // ['apple', 'grapes']
console.log(filterItems('an')); // ['banana', 'mango', 'orange']

5、寻找数组中的质数

function isPrime(element, index, array) {
  var start = 2;
  while (start <= Math.sqrt(element)) {
    if (element % start++ < 1) {
      return false;
    }
  }
  return element > 1;
}
console.log([4, 6, 8, 12].find(isPrime)); // undefined, not found
console.log([4, 5, 8, 12].find(isPrime)); // 5  （返回第一个找到的值）
console.log([4, 6, 7, 12].findIndex(isPrime)); // 2   （返回第一个找到的值的索引）

6、找出指定元素出现的所有位置

var indices = [];
var array = ['a', 'b', 'a', 'c', 'a', 'd'];
var element = 'a';
var idx = array.indexOf(element);
while (idx != -1) {
  indices.push(idx);
  idx = array.indexOf(element, idx + 1);
}
console.log(indices);
// [0, 2, 4]

7、索引迭代器会包含那些没有对应元素的索引

var arr = ["a", , "c"];
var sparseKeys = Object.keys(arr);
var denseKeys = [...arr.keys()];
console.log(sparseKeys); // ['0', '2']
console.log(denseKeys);  // [0, 1, 2]

8、数组里所有值的和

var total = [ 0, 1, 2, 3 ].reduce(( acc, cur ) => acc + cur,0);  // 6

9、将二维数组转化为一维

var flattened = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]].reduce(( acc, cur ) => acc.concat(cur),[]);
// flattened is [0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

10、计算数组中每个元素出现的次数

var names = ['Alice', 'Bob', 'Tiff', 'Bruce', 'Alice'];
var countedNames = names.reduce(function (allNames, name) { 
  if (name in allNames) {
    allNames[name]++;
  }
  else {
    allNames[name] = 1;
  }
  return allNames;
}, {});
// countedNames is:
// { 'Alice': 2, 'Bob': 1, 'Tiff': 1, 'Bruce': 1 }

11、按属性对object分类

var people = [
  { name: 'Alice', age: 21 },
  { name: 'Max', age: 20 },
  { name: 'Jane', age: 20 }
];

function groupBy(objectArray, property) {
  return objectArray.reduce(function (acc, obj) {
    var key = obj[property];
    if (!acc[key]) {
      acc[key] = [];
    }
    acc[key].push(obj);
    return acc;
  }, {});
}
var groupedPeople = groupBy(people, 'age');
// groupedPeople is:
// { 
//   20: [
//     { name: 'Max', age: 20 }, 
//     { name: 'Jane', age: 20 }
//   ], 
//   21: [{ name: 'Alice', age: 21 }] 
// }

12、使用扩展运算符和initialValue绑定包含在对象数组中的数组

var friends = [
    {
        name: 'Anna',
        books: ['Bible', 'Harry Potter'],
        age: 21
    }, 
    {
        name: 'Bob',
        books: ['War and peace', 'Romeo and Juliet'],
        age: 26
    }, 
    {
        name: 'Alice',
        books: ['The Lord of the Rings', 'The Shining'],
        age: 18
    }
];

// allbooks - list which will contain all friends' books +  
// additional list contained in initialValue
var allbooks = friends.reduce(function(prev, curr) {
  return [...prev, ...curr.books];
}, ['Alphabet']);

// allbooks = [
//   'Alphabet', 'Bible', 'Harry Potter', 'War and peace', 
//   'Romeo and Juliet', 'The Lord of the Rings',
//   'The Shining'
// ]

13、功能型函数管道

// Building-blocks to use for composition
const double = x => x + x;
const triple = x => 3 * x;
const quadruple = x => 4 * x;

// Function composition enabling pipe functionality
const pipe = (...functions) => input => functions.reduce(
    (acc, fn) => fn(acc),
    input
);

// Composed functions for multiplication of specific values
const multiply6 = pipe(double, triple);
const multiply9 = pipe(triple, triple);
const multiply16 = pipe(quadruple, quadruple);
const multiply24 = pipe(double, triple, quadruple);

// Usage
multiply6(6); // 36
multiply9(9); // 81
multiply16(16); // 256
multiply24(10); // 240

14、返回现有数组的一部分

var fruits = ['Banana', 'Orange', 'Lemon', 'Apple', 'Mango'];
var citrus = fruits.slice(1, 3);

// fruits contains ['Banana', 'Orange', 'Lemon', 'Apple', 'Mango']
// citrus contains ['Orange','Lemon']

15、判断数组中是否存在某个值

var fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'mango', 'guava'];

function checkAvailability(arr, val) {
  return arr.some(arrVal => val === arrVal);
}

checkAvailability(fruits, 'kela');   // false
checkAvailability(fruits, 'banana'); // true

16、升序排列

var numbers = [4, 2, 5, 1, 3]; 
numbers.sort((a, b) => a - b); 
console.log(numbers);

// [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]