java 设计模式之装饰者模式

概述
装饰者模式是对已有的业务逻辑上添加相同行为的业务逻辑，比如我们需要构造一个彩虹桥，彩虹桥有多种颜色搭配，从无到有的过程就是一层一层的添加颜色

实践

1. 新建一个类，这个类需要定义大家相同的一个型为或者特征，这里以颜色为例

package com.skindow.designPtterns.decoratedWithPattern;

/**
 * Created by skindow on 2019/11/1.
 */
public class Color {
    private String color;

    public Color(String color){
        this.color = color;
    }

    public Color() {
    }

    public String addColor()
    {
        return color;
    }
}

2. 新建多个类去继承该类，并重写addColor方法，为什么要重写，是因为我们要通过父类去调用子类的方法，从而达到业务扩展的功能

package com.skindow.designPtterns.decoratedWithPattern;

/**
 * Created by skindow on 2019/11/1.
 */
public class Yellow extends Color {
    private Color color;
    public Yellow(Color color) {
        this.color = color;
    }
    public String addColor()
    {
        return this.color.addColor() + "黄色";
    }
}

package com.skindow.designPtterns.decoratedWithPattern;

/**
 * Created by skindow on 2019/11/1.
 */
public class Black extends Color {
    private Color color;

    public Black(Color color)
    {
        this.color = color;
    }

    public String addColor()
    {
        return this.color.addColor() + "黑色";
    }
}

package com.skindow.designPtterns.decoratedWithPattern;

/**
 * Created by skindow on 2019/11/1.
 */
public class Red extends Color {
    private Color color;
    public Red(Color color) {
        this.color = color;
    }
    public String addColor()
    {
        return this.color.addColor() + "红色";
    }
}

3. 实验

package com.skindow.designPtterns.decoratedWithPattern;

/**
 * Created by skindow on 2019/11/1.
 */
public class main {
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        Color color = new Red(new Black(new Yellow(new Color("白色"))));
        System.out.print("color" + color.addColor());
    }
}

打印结果如下

"C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\bin\java" "-javaagent:C:\D\IntelliJ IDEA 2017.1.4\lib\idea_rt.jar=54755:C:\D\IntelliJ IDEA 2017.1.4\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-32.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\rt.jar;C:\D\myProject\myfirstSpringboot\skindow-parent\target\classes;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter\2.1.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-2.1.7.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot\2.1.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-2.1.7.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-context\5.1.9.RELEASE\spring-context-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-aop\5.1.9.RELEASE\spring-aop-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-beans\5.1.9.RELEASE\spring-beans-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-expression\5.1.9.RELEASE\spring-expression-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-autoconfigure\2.1.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-autoconfigure-2.1.7.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\springframework\boot\spring-boot-starter-logging\2.1.7.RELEASE\spring-boot-starter-logging-2.1.7.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-classic\1.2.3\logback-classic-1.2.3.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\ch\qos\logback\logback-core\1.2.3\logback-core-1.2.3.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-to-slf4j\2.11.2\log4j-to-slf4j-2.11.2.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\apache\logging\log4j\log4j-api\2.11.2\log4j-api-2.11.2.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\slf4j\jul-to-slf4j\1.7.26\jul-to-slf4j-1.7.26.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\javax\annotation\javax.annotation-api\1.3.2\javax.annotation-api-1.3.2.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-core\5.1.9.RELEASE\spring-core-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\springframework\spring-jcl\5.1.9.RELEASE\spring-jcl-5.1.9.RELEASE.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\yaml\snakeyaml\1.23\snakeyaml-1.23.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\projectlombok\lombok\1.18.8\lombok-1.18.8.jar;C:\Users\skindow\.m2\repository\org\slf4j\slf4j-api\1.7.26\slf4j-api-1.7.26.jar" com.skindow.designPtterns.decoratedWithPattern.main
color白色黄色黑色红色
Process finished with exit code 0

总结
装饰类适合在相同逻辑上添加某种行为以达到业务扩展的效果