克莱姆法则讲解
最近因准备保研在复习线性代数,克莱姆法则(Cramer’s rule)老是记混,故此在博客整理一下克莱姆法则。
1.考虑方程组
{ a 11 x 1 + a 12 x 2 + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + a 1 n x n = b 1 a 21 x 1 + a 22 x 2 + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + a 2 n x n = b 2 ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ a n 1 x 1 + a n 2 x 2 + ⋅ ⋅ ⋅ + a n n x n = b n \begin{cases} a_{11}x_1+a_{12}x_2+···+a_{1n}x_n=b_1\\ a_{21}x_1+a_{22}x_2+···+a_{2n}x_n=b_2\\ ···········\\ a_{n1}x_1+a_{n2}x_2+···+a_{nn}x_n=b_n\\ \end{cases} ⎩⎪⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎧a11x1+a12x2+⋅⋅⋅+a1nxn=b1a21x1+a22x2+⋅⋅⋅+a2nxn=b2⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅an1x1+an2x2+⋅⋅⋅+annxn=bn
与二、三元方程组类似,n元方程组的解也可用行列式表示。
2.方程组的矩阵表示
A X β [ a 11 a 12 . . . a 1 n a 21 a 22 . . . a 2 n … … … … a n 1 a n 2 . . . a n n ] [ x 1 x 2 . . . x n ] = [ b 1 b 2 . . . b n ] \begin{matrix} A & X& & \beta \\ \left[\begin{array}{rr} a_{11} & a_{12} & ... & a_{1n}\\ a_{21} & a_{22} & ... & a_{2n}\\ \dots &\dots &\dots &\dots \\ a_{n1} & a_{n2} & ... & a_{nn}\\ \end{array}\right] & \left[\begin{array}{rr} x_1 \\ x_2 \\ ... \\ x_n \\ \end{array}\right] & = & \left[\begin{array}{rr} b_1 \\ b_2 \\ ... \\ b_n \\ \end{array}\right] \end{matrix} A⎣⎢⎢⎡a11a21…an1a12a22…an2......…...a1na2n…ann⎦⎥⎥⎤X⎣⎢⎢⎡x1x2...