1.什么是JSON,JSON的作用是什么,如何编写JSON?
JSON(JavaScript Object Notation, JS 对象简谱) 是一种轻量级的数据交换格式。采用完全独立于编程语言的文本格式来存储和表示数据.
简洁和清晰的层次结构使得 JSON 成为理想的数据交换语言.
例如:
一个java对象转换成json对象以后是什么样子?
package com.click369.test1;
public class Person {
private int perid;
private String pername;
private int perage;
private String peraddress;
getXXX()/setXXX();
}
//创建一个person类的对象
Person person1=new Person();
person1.setPerid(1001);
person1.setPername("zhangsan");
person1.setPerage(23);
person1.setPeraddress("西安");
//将person1这个java对象转换成json对象对应的字符串数据
{“perid”:1001,“pername”:“zhangsan”,“perage”:23,“peraddress”:“西安”}
上面是将一个java对象写成json的样子。
假设现在有一组对象需要写成json的样子,那应该怎么写?
Person person1=new Person();
person1.setPerid(1001);
person1.setPername("zhangsan");
person1.setPerage(23);
person1.setPeraddress("西安");
Person person2=new Person();
person2.setPerid(1002);
person2.setPername("lisi");
person2.setPerage(24);
person2.setPeraddress("北京");
Person person3=new Person();
person3.setPerid(1003);
person3.setPername("wangwu");
person3.setPerage(25);
person3.setPeraddress("上海");
//创建一个保存person对象的集合
List<Person> personlist=new ArrayList<Person>();
//将上面创建的3个person对象保存到集合中
personlist.add(person1);
personlist.add(person2);
personlist.add(person3);
将保存java对象的集合写成json的样子。
[
{"perid":1001,"pername":"zhangsan","perage":23,"peraddress":"西安"},
{"perid":1002,"pername":"lisi","perage":24,"peraddress":"北京"},
{"perid":1003,"pername":"wangwu","perage":25,"peraddress":"上海"}
]
注意:
1.用一组“{}”包围键/值对组合,键/值对组合中的键名写在前面并用双引号 “” 包裹,使用冒号 : 分隔,然后紧接着值,多个键/值对组合中间用“,”分隔,这就表示一个json对象。
2.用一组“[]”包围值/json对象这就表示一个json数组。json数组是用来保存java数组数据/集合数据。
3.json对象中数字值和布尔值是不需要双引号。
通常情况下我们所遇到的json数据都是json对象中包含json数组,json数组中又包含json对象的复杂形式。
例如:
package com.click369.test2;
/**
* 保存地址信息的java类
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class PersonAddress {
private String type; //地址类型【家庭/工作】
private String info; //地址信息
.......
}
package com.click369.test2;
public class Person {
private int perid;
private String pername;
private int perage;
//保存地址信息的数组
private PersonAddress peraddress[];
.......
}
//创建3个person类的对象
Person person1=new Person();
person1.setPerid(1001);
person1.setPername("zhangsan");
person1.setPerage(23);
//创建保存地址信息的数组
PersonAddress peraddress[]=new PersonAddress[2];
//创建两个地址的对象
PersonAddress address1=new PersonAddress();
address1.setType("home");
address1.setInfo("西安");
PersonAddress address2=new PersonAddress();
address2.setType("work");
address2.setInfo("北京");
//将创建好的地址对象装入数组
peraddress[0]=address1;
peraddress[1]=address2;
person1.setPeraddress(peraddress);
Person person2=new Person();
person2.setPerid(1002);
person2.setPername("lisi");
person2.setPerage(24);
//创建保存地址信息的数组
PersonAddress peraddress2[]=new PersonAddress[2];
//创建两个地址的对象
PersonAddress address21=new PersonAddress();
address21.setType("home");
address21.setInfo("上海");
PersonAddress address22=new PersonAddress();
address22.setType("work");
address22.setInfo("重庆");
//将创建好的地址对象装入数组
peraddress2[0]=address21;
peraddress2[1]=address22;
person2.setPeraddress(peraddress2);
Person person3=new Person();
person3.setPerid(1003);
person3.setPername("wangwu");
person3.setPerage(25);
//创建保存地址信息的数组
PersonAddress peraddress3[]=new PersonAddress[2];
//创建两个地址的对象
PersonAddress address31=new PersonAddress();
address31.setType("home");
address31.setInfo("广州");
PersonAddress address32=new PersonAddress();
address32.setType("work");
address32.setInfo("西安");
//将创建好的地址对象装入数组
peraddress3[0]=address31;
peraddress3[1]=address32;
person3.setPeraddress(peraddress3);
//创建一个保存person对象的集合
List<Person> personlist=new ArrayList<Person>();
//将创建的person对象存储至集合中
personlist.add(person1);
personlist.add(person2);
personlist.add(person3);
将上面的集合转换成json数据字符串以后是什么样子???
[
{ "perid":1001,
"pername":"zhangsan",
"perage":23,
"peraddress":[
{"type":"home","info":"西安"},
{"type":"work","info":"北京"}
]----json数组
}, -- json对象
{"perid":1002,
"pername":"lisi",
"perage":24,
"peraddress":[
{"type":"home","info":"上海"},
{"type":"work","info":"重庆"}
]
},
{"perid":1003,
"pername":"wangwu",
"perage":25,
"peraddress":[
{"type":"home","info":"广州"},
{"type":"work","info":"西安"}
]
}
]
https://free-api.heweather.com/v5/weather?city=%E8%A5%BF%E5%AE%89&key=d7bd43af19c64994b62fc643e5d75272
当我们得到一个极其复杂的json数据后,搞不清楚这个json数据的结构。我们可以利用工具【https://www.json.cn/】得到明晰的json数据的结构。
2.JSON数据的生成方式和解析方式
2.1 JSON数据的生成【java对象—json数据】
1.json-simple-1.1.jar第三方的开发包生成json数据
/*
* 1.json-simple-1.1.jar第三方的开发包生成json数据
*/
public static String createJson1(List<Person> personlist) {
//创建JSONArray对象
JSONArray personarray=new JSONArray();
//遍历集合,创建json对象,装入JSONArray数组
for(Person person:personlist) {
//创建保存person对象JSONObejct对象
JSONObject personObject=new JSONObject();
personObject.put("perid",person.getPerid());
personObject.put("pername",person.getPername());
personObject.put("perage",person.getPerage());
//创建保存personaddress对象JSONArray数组对象
JSONArray personAddressArray=new JSONArray();
for(PersonAddress personAddress:person.getPeraddress()) {
//创建保存personaddress对象JSONObject对象
JSONObject addressObject=new JSONObject();
addressObject.put("type",personAddress.getType());
addressObject.put("info", personAddress.getInfo());
personAddressArray.add(addressObject);
}
personObject.put("peraddress",personAddressArray);
personarray.add(personObject);
}
return personarray.toJSONString();
}
public static String createJson2(List<Person> personlist) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return null;
}
运行结果
[{“perid”:1001,“perage”:23,“pername”:“zhangsan”,“peraddress”:[{“type”:“home”,“info”:“西安”},{“type”:“work”,“info”:“北京”}]},{“perid”:1002,“perage”:24,“pername”:“lisi”,“peraddress”:[{“type”:“home”,“info”:“上海”},{“type”:“work”,“info”:“重庆”}]},{“perid”:1003,“perage”:25,“pername”:“wangwu”,“peraddress”:[{“type”:“home”,“info”:“广州”},{“type”:“work”,“info”:“西安”}]}]
2.gson-2.8.0.jar第三方的开发包生成json数据
public static String createJson2(List<Person> personlist) {
return new Gson().toJson(personlist);
}
运行结果
[{“perid”:1001,“perage”:23,“pername”:“zhangsan”,“peraddress”:[{“type”:“home”,“info”:“西安”},{“type”:“work”,“info”:“北京”}]},{“perid”:1002,“perage”:24,“pername”:“lisi”,“peraddress”:[{“type”:“home”,“info”:“上海”},{“type”:“work”,“info”:“重庆”}]},{“perid”:1003,“perage”:25,“pername”:“wangwu”,“peraddress”:[{“type”:“home”,“info”:“广州”},{“type”:“work”,“info”:“西安”}]}]
3.jackson第三方的开发包生成json数据
“jackson-core-2.9.5.jar”
“jackson-databind-2.9.5.jar”
“jackson-annotations-2.9.5.jar”
public static String createJson3(List<Person> personlist) throws Exception{
return new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(personlist);
}
运行结果
[{“perid”:1001,“perage”:23,“pername”:“zhangsan”,“peraddress”:[{“type”:“home”,“info”:“西安”},{“type”:“work”,“info”:“北京”}]},{“perid”:1002,“perage”:24,“pername”:“lisi”,“peraddress”:[{“type”:“home”,“info”:“上海”},{“type”:“work”,“info”:“重庆”}]},{“perid”:1003,“perage”:25,“pername”:“wangwu”,“peraddress”:[{“type”:“home”,“info”:“广州”},{“type”:“work”,“info”:“西安”}]}]
2.2 JSON数据的解析【json数据—java对象】
1.json-simple-1.1.jar第三方的开发包解析json数据
package util;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.json.simple.JSONArray;
import org.json.simple.JSONObject;
import org.json.simple.parser.JSONParser;
import com.wangxing.bean.Person;
import com.wangxing.bean.PersonAddress;
/**
* 1.json-simple-1.1.jar第三方的开发包解析json数据
*/
public class JSONHelper {
public static List<Person> parseJson1()throws Exception {
List<Person> personlist=new ArrayList<Person>();
//创建一个json解析器对象
JSONParser jsonparser=new JSONParser();
Reader in=new FileReader("xx.json");
JSONArray personArray=(JSONArray)jsonparser.parse(in);
for(int i=0;i<personArray.size();i++) {
JSONObject personObject=(JSONObject)personArray.get(i);
long id=(Long)personObject.get("perid");
int perid=(int)id;
String pername=(String)personObject.get("pername");
long age=(Long)personObject.get("perage");
int perage=(int)age;
JSONArray personAddressArray=(JSONArray)personObject.get("peraddress");
PersonAddress peraddress[]=new PersonAddress[personAddressArray.size()];
for(int j=0;j<personAddressArray.size();j++) {
JSONObject personAddressObject=(JSONObject)personAddressArray.get(j);
String type=(String)personAddressObject.get("type");
String info=(String)personAddressObject.get("info");
PersonAddress address=new PersonAddress();
address.setType(type);
address.setInfo(info);
peraddress[j]=address;
}
Person person =new Person();
person.setPerid(perid);
person.setPername(pername);
person.setPerage(perage);
person.setPreaddress(peraddress);
personlist.add(person);
}
return personlist;
}
}
2.gson-2.8.0.jar第三方的开发包解析json数据
//2.gson-2.8.0.jar第三方的开发包解析json数据
public static List<Person>parseJson2()throws Exception{
Gson gson=new Gson();
Reader in=new FileReader("xx.json");
//formJson(String,Class)
//fromJson(String,Type)
//formJson(Reader,Class)
//fromJson(Reader,Type)
return gson.fromJson(in,new TypeToken<List<Person>>(){}.getType());
}
运行结果
3.jackson第三方的开发包解析json数据
public static List<Person> parseJson3()throws Exception {
List<Person>personlist=new ArrayList<Person>();
//创建解析器对象
ObjectMapper objectMapper=new ObjectMapper();
JsonNode personNodes=objectMapper.readTree(new FileReader("xx.json"));
for(int i=0;i<personNodes.size();i++) {
JsonNode personNode=personNodes.get(i);
int perid=personNode.get("perid").asInt();
String pername=personNode.get("pername").asText();
int perage=personNode.get("perage").asInt();
JsonNode personAddressNodes=personNode.get("peraddress");
PersonAddress peraddress[]=new PersonAddress[personAddressNodes.size()];
for(int j=0;j<personAddressNodes.size();j++) {
JsonNode addressNode=personAddressNodes.get(j);
String type=addressNode.get("type").asText();
String info=addressNode.get("info").asText();
PersonAddress address=new PersonAddress();
address.setType(type);
address.setInfo(info);
peraddress[j]=address;
}
Person person=new Person();
person.setPerid(perid);
person.setPername(pername);
person.setPerage(perage);
person.setPreaddress(peraddress);
personlist.add(person);
}
return personlist;
}
运行结果