– 进阶5:分组查询
– 语句:
– select 分组函数,列(要求出现在group by的后面)
– from 表
– 【where 筛选条件】
– group by 分组的列表
– 【order by 子句】
– 注意:
– 查询列表比较特殊,要求是分组函数和group by后出现的字段
– 特点:
– 1、分组查询中的筛选条件分为两类
– 数据源 位置 关键字
– 分组前筛选 原始表 group by子句的前面 where
– 分组后筛选 分组后的结果集 group by子句的后面 having
– 分组函数做条件肯定是放在having子句中
– ①分组函数做条件肯定是放在having子句中
– ②能分组前筛选的,就优先考虑使用分组前筛选
– 2、groupby子句支持单个字段分组,多个字段分组(多个字段之间用逗号隔开没有顺序要求),表达式或函数(
– 用的较少)
– 3、也可以添加排序(排序放在整个分组查询的最后)
– 引入:查询每个部门的平均工资
SELECT department_id, AVG(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
– 简单的分组查询
– 案例1:查询每个工种的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary), job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
– 案例2:查询每个位置上的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*), location_id
FROM departments
GROUP BY location_id;
– 添加筛选条件
– 案例1:查询邮箱中包含a字符的,每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary), department_id
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE '%a%'
GROUP BY department_id;
– 案例2:查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary), manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id;
– 添加分组后的筛选条件
– 案例1:查询哪个部门的员工个数 > 2
– ①查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*), department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
– ②根据①的结果进行筛选,查询哪个部门的员工个数 > 2
SELECT COUNT(*), department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*) > 2;
– 案例2:查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000
SELECT MAX(salary), job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING MAX(salary) > 12000;
– 案例3:查询领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资>5000的领导编号是哪个,以及其最低的工资
SELECT MIN(salary), manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id > 102
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary) > 5000;
– 按表达式或函数分组
– 案例1:按员工姓名的长度分组,查询每一组的员工个数,筛选员工个数>5的有哪些
-- ①查询每个长度的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*) 个数, LENGTH(last_name)
FROM employees
GROUP BY LENGTH(last_name)
-- ②添加筛选条件
HAVING 个数 > 5;
– 按多个字段分组
– 案例:查询每个部门每个工种的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary), department_id,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id, job_id;
– 案例:添加排序
– 案例:查询每个部门每个工种的平均工资、并且按平均工资的高低显示
SELECT AVG(salary), department_id,job_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY department_id, job_id
HAVING AVG(salary) > 10000
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC;