java之Builder模式

@Data
public class Student {

	private String id;
	private String name;
	private String sex;
	private int age;
	private String grade;
	private String email;
	private String addr;

	public static class Builder {
		// 必须初始化的属性
		private String id;
		private String name;

		// 可选属性
		private String sex;
		private int age;
		private String grade;
		private String email;
		private String addr;

		public Builder(String id, String name) {
			this.id = id;
			this.name = name;
		}

		public Builder sex(String sex) {
			this.sex = sex;
			return this;
		}

		public Builder age(int age) {
			this.age = age;
			return this;
		}

		public Builder grade(String grade) {
			this.grade = grade;
			return this;
		}

		public Builder email(String email) {
			this.email = email;
			return this;
		}

		public Builder addr(String addr) {
			this.addr = addr;
			return this;
		}

		public Student builder() {
			return new Student(this);
		}
	}

	public Student(Builder builder) {
		this.id = builder.id;
		this.name = builder.name;
		this.sex = builder.sex;
		this.age = builder.age;
		this.grade = builder.grade;
		this.email = builder.email;
		this.addr = builder.addr;
	}

}

使用构建器Builder，你可以这样创建对象：

Student student = new Student.Builder("20150102", "Tom").sex("male").age(12)
			    .grade("11").email("cg@163.com").addr("无皮村").builder();

Builder模式缺点：

为了创建对象必须先创建它的构建器，在某些非常注重性能的情况下，可能其开销就是问题了；
Builder模式相对来说，代码量更多，所以通常只有在很多参数的时候才使用，尤其是大多数参数都是可选的时候。