编译原理——词法分析实验报告

这篇实验报告详细介绍了如何编写代码实现程序的词法分析,通过对源程序字符流的扫描,识别出关键字、字母和数字。实验中包含了判断字母、数字的函数以及识别关键字的函数,最后在main函数中读取文件并进行词法分析。
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实验要求:
1.编写代码实现程序的词法分析
2.根据对源程序的字符流进行扫描和分解,从而识别出一个个单词或符号

实验代码:
#include<string.h>
#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
#include<ctype.h>

//定义关键字
char *Key[10]={“main”,“void”,“int”,“char”,“printf”,“scanf”,“else”,“if”,“return”};
char Word[20],ch; //存储识别出的单词流

//判断是否为字母
int IsAlpha(char c){
if(((c<=‘z’)&&(c>=‘a’))||((c<=‘Z’)&&(c>=‘A’)))
return 1;
else
return 0;
}

//判断是否是数字
int IsNum(char c){
if(c>=‘0’&&c<=‘9’)
return 1;
else
return 0;
}

//识别关键函数
int IsKey(char *Wrod){
int m,i;
for(i=0;i<9;i++){
if((m=strcmp(Word,Key[i]))==0)
{
return 1;
}
}
return 0;
}

//扫描函数
void scanner(FILE *f

设计思想 (1)程序主体结构部分: 说明部分 %% 规则部分 %% 辅助程序部分 (2)主体结构的说明 在这里说明部分告诉我们使用的LETTER,DIGIT, IDENT(标识符,通常定义为字母开头的字母数字串)和STR(字符串常量,通常定义为双引号括起来的一串字符)是什么意思.这部分也可以包含一些初始化代码.例如用#include来使用标准的头文件和前向说明(forward ,references).这些代码应该再标记"%{"和"%}"之间;规则部分>可以包括任何你想用来分析的代码;我们这里包括了忽略所有注释中字符的功能,传送ID名称和字符串常量内容到主调函数和main函数的功能. (3)实现原理 程序中先判断这个句语句中每个单元为关键字、常数、运算符、界符,对与不同的单词符号给出不同编码形式的编码,用以区分之。 PL/0语言的EBNF表示 <常量定义>::=<标识符>=<无符号整数>; <标识符>::=<字母>={<字母>|<数字>}; <加法运算符>::=+|- <乘法运算符>::=*|/ <关系运算符>::==|#|<|<=|>|>= <字母>::=a|b|…|X|Y|Z <数字>::=0|1|2|…|8|9 三:设计过程 1. 关键字:void,main,if,then,break,int,Char,float,include,for,while,printfscanf 并为小写。 2."+”;”-”;”*”;”/”;”:=“;”:”;”<“;”<=“;”>“;”>=“;”<>“;”=“;”(“;”)”;”;”;”#”为运算符。 3. 其他标记 如字符串,表示以字母开头的标识符。 4. 空格符跳过。 5. 各符号对应种别码 关键字分别对应1-13 运算符分别对应401-418,501-513。 字符串对应100 常量对应200 结束符# 四:举例说明 目标:实现对常量的判别 代码: digit [0-9] letter [A-Za-z] other_char [!-@\[-~] id ({letter}|[_])({letter}|{digit}|[_])* string {({letter}|{digit}|{other_char})+} int_num {digit}+ %% [ |\t|\n]+ "auto"|"double"|"int"|"struct"|"break"|"else"|"long"|"switch"|"case"|"enum"|"register"|"typedef"|"char"|"extern"|"return"|"union"|"const"|"float"|"short"|"unsigned"|"continue"|"for"|"signed"|"void"|"default"|"goto"|"sizeof"|"do"|"if"|"static"|"while"|"main" {Upper(yytext,yyleng);printf("%s,NULL\n",yytext);} \"([!-~])*\" {printf("CONST_string,%s\n",yytext);} -?{int_num}[.]{int_num}?([E][+|-]?{int_num})? {printf("CONST_real,%s\n",yytext);} "0x"?{int_num} {printf("CONST_int,%s\n",yytext);} ","|";"|"("|")"|"{"|"}"|"["|"]"|"->"|"."|"!"|"~"|"++"|"--"|"*"|"&"|"sizeof"|"/"|"%"|"+"|"-"|">"|"<"|">="|"<="|"=="|"!="|"&"|"^"|"|"|"&"|"||"|"+="|"-="|"*="|"/="|"%="|">>="|"<<="|"&="|"^="|"|="|"=" {printf("%s,NULL\n",yytext);} {id} {printf("ID,%s\n",yytext);} {digit}({letter})+ {printf("error1:%s\n",yytext);} %% #include <ctype.h> Upper(char *s,int l) { int i; for(i=0;i<l;i++) { s[i]=toupper(s[i]); } } yywrap() { return 1; } 五:DFA 六:数据测试 七:心得体会 其实匹配并不困难,主要是C++知识要求相对较高,只要把握住指针就好了。 附源程序: #include<iostream.h> #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> int i,j,k,flag,number,status; /*status which is use to judge the string is keywords or not!*/ char ch; char words[10] = {" "}; char program[500]; int Scan(char program[]) { char *keywords[13] = {"void","main","if","then","break","int", "char","float","include","for","while","printf", "scanf"}; number = 0; status = 0; j = 0; ch = program[i++]; /* To handle the lettle space ands tab*/ /*handle letters*/ if ((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'z' )) { while ((ch >= 'a') && (ch <= 'z' )) { words[j++]=ch; ch=program[i++]; } i--; words[j++] = '\0'; for (k = 0; k < 13; k++) if (strcmp (words,keywords[k]) == 0) switch(k) { case 0:{ flag = 1; status = 1; break; } case 1:{ flag = 2; status = 1; break; } case 2:{ flag = 3; status = 1; break; } case 3:{ flag = 4; status = 1; break; } case 4:{ flag = 5; status = 1; break; } case 5:{ flag = 6; status = 1; break; } case 6:{ flag = 7; status = 1; break; } case 7:{ flag = 8; status = 1; break; } case 8:{ flag = 9; status = 1; break; } case 9:{ flag = 10; status = 1; break; } case 10:{ flag = 11; status = 1; break; } case 11:{ flag = 12; status = 1; break; } case 12:{ flag = 13; status = 1; break; } } if (status == 0) { flag = 100; } } /*handle digits*/ else if ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9')) { number = 0; while ((ch >= '0' ) && (ch <= '9' )) { number = number*10+(ch-'0'); ch = program[i++]; } flag = 200; i--; } /*opereation and edge handle*/ else switch (ch) { case '=':{ if (ch == '=') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 401; } else { i--; flag = 402; } break; } case'>':{ if (ch == '>') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 403; } else { i--; flag = 404; } break; } case'<':{ if (ch == '<') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 405; } else { i--; flag = 406; } break; } case'!':{ if (ch == '!') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 407; } else { i--; flag = 408; } break; } case'+':{ if (ch == '+') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 409; } else if (ch == '+') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 410; } else { i--; flag = 411; } break; } case'-':{ if (ch == '-') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 412; } else if( ch == '-') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 413; } else { i--; flag = 414; } break; } case'*':{ if (ch == '*') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 415; } else { i--; flag = 416; } break; } case'/':{ if (ch == '/') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 417; } else { i--; flag = 418; } break; } case';':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 501; break; } case'(':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 502; break; } case')':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 503; break; } case'[':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 504; break; } case']':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 505; break; } case'{':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 506; break; } case'}':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 507; break; } case':':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 508; break; } case'"':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 509; break; } case'%':{ if (ch == '%') words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; ch = program[i++]; if (ch == '=') { words[j++] = ch; words[j] = '\0'; flag = 510; } else { i--; flag = 511; } break; } case',':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 512; break; } case'#':{ words[j] = ch; words[j+1] = '\0'; flag = 513; break; } case'@':{ words[j] = '#'; flag = 0; break; } default:{ flag = -1; break; } } return flag; } main() { i=0; printf("please input a program end with @"); do { ch = getchar(); program[i++] = ch; }while(ch != '@'); i = 0; do{ flag = Scan(program); if (flag == 200) { printf("(%2d,%4d)",flag,number); } else if (flag == -1) { printf("(%d,error)",flag); } else { printf("(%2d,%4s)",flag,words); } }while (flag != 0); system("pause"); }
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