Bootstrap学习与引导

Bootstrap:web开发更迅速、简单:可以直接抄,抄过去就能用。

链接http://www.bootcss.com/

Bootstrap核心学习:

全局Css样式:

布局容器:(

布局容器:相当于一张画布,后期再画布中添加页面的内容。

 翻译:在绘画之前,先准备一个画布,两个画布不要重叠。

测试代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="zh-CN">

  <head>

    <meta charset="utf-8">

   <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

    <!-- 上述3meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->

    <title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>

 

    <!-- Bootstrap -->

    <link href="css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

 

    <!-- HTML5 shim and Respond.js for IE8 support of HTML5 elements and media queries -->

    <!-- WARNING: Respond.js doesn't work if you view the page via file:// -->

    <!--[if lt IE 9]>

      <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/html5shiv/3.7.3/html5shiv.min.js"></script>

      <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/respond.js/1.4.2/respond.min.js"></script>

    <![endif]-->

     <!-- jQuery (necessary for Bootstrap's JavaScript plugins) -->

    <script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.min.js"></script>

    <!-- Include all compiled plugins (below), or include individual files as needed -->

    <script src="js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

  </head>

  <body>

<div class="container">

<h1>你好,世界!你好,世界!你好,世界!你好,世界!你好,世界!</h1>

</div>

<div class="container-fluid">

<h1>你好,世界!你好,世界!你好,世界!你好,世界!你好,世界!</h1>

</div>  

  </body>

</html>


 

栅格系统:(★★★★★

什么是栅格系统?

我们习惯于使用表格来给页面画格子,方便我们整齐有序地将内容填充到页面,但是每次自己画格子,太麻烦,所以Bootstrap提供了一个写好的“表格”给我们使用——这个就是栅格系统。

Bootstrap栅格系统发挥两个作用:

1、对页面进行布局

2、根据设备屏幕,自动调节内容的排列

 

 栅格系统快速入门:(★★★★★

栅格:为了防止以前的表格,会出现,网页缩小,内容跟着缩小的缺点。栅格系统可以根据当前页面大小,去改变栅格中的数据排列组合方式。

如果页面变小,将栅格内容,从横向排列改成纵向排列。

需求:按照如图所示,画出格子

 

素材样式:

<style type="text/css">

div{

    border: 1px solid red;

}

</style>

普通表格:

<table border="2px" bordercolor="red" width="100%">

<tr><td>我是表格......</td><td>我是表格......</td><td>我是表格......</td><td>我是表格......</td><td>我是表格......</td><td>我是表格......</td><td>我是表格......</td><td>我是表格......</td><td>我是表格......</td><td>我是表格......</td><td>我是表格......</td><td>我是表格......</td></tr>

<tr><td colspan="8">我是表格......</td><td colspan="4">我是表格......</td></tr>

<tr><td colspan="4">我是表格......</td><td colspan="4">我是表格......</td><td colspan="4">我是表格......</td></tr>

<tr><td colspan="6">我是表格......</td><td colspan="6">我是表格......</td></tr>

</table>

 

代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="zh-CN">

 

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

<!-- 上述3meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->

<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>

<!-- Bootstrap -->

<link href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.8.3.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<style type="text/css">

div {

border: 1px solid red;

}

</style>

</head>

 

<body>

<div class="container-fluid">

<div class="row">

<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>

<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>

<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>

<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>

<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>

<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>

<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>

<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>

<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>

<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>

<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>

<div class="col-md-1">.col-md-1</div>

</div>

<div class="row">

<div class="col-md-8">.col-md-8</div>

<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>

</div>

<div class="row">

<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>

<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>

<div class="col-md-4">.col-md-4</div>

</div>

<div class="row">

<div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>

<div class="col-md-6">.col-md-6</div>

</div>

</div>

</body>

</html>


那么如果我们需要控制当屏幕在多大范围的时候,进行,页面的适配,我们可是设置一些参数:

以下文字是下图的翻译:

.col-xs-xx ——在超小屏幕下(小于768像素)使用当前样式,占用屏幕的一整行中xx个栅格(xx是数字最多12个)

.col-sm-xx ——在小屏幕下(大于768像素下,且小于992像素)使用当前样式,占用屏幕的一整行中xx个栅格(xx是数字最多12个)

.col-md-xx ——在中等屏幕下(大于992像素下,且小于1200像素)使用当前样式,占用屏幕的一整行中xx个栅格(xx是数字最多12个)

.col-lg-xx ——在超小屏幕下(大于1200像素下)使用当前样式,占用屏幕的一整行中xx个栅格(xx是数字最多12个)

 

 

栅格测试代码:

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html lang="zh-CN">

 

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

<!-- 上述3meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->

<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>

<!-- Bootstrap -->

<link href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery-1.8.3.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

<style type="text/css">

div {

border: 1px solid red;

}

</style>

</head>

 

<body>

<div class="container-fluid">

<div class="container-fluid">

<div class="row">

<div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-6 col-md-8">.col-xs-12 .col-sm-6 .col-md-8</div>

<div class="col-xs-6 col-md-4">.col-xs-6 .col-md-4</div>

</div>

<div class="row">

<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>

<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>

<!-- Optional: clear the XS cols if their content doesn't match in height -->

<div class="clearfix visible-xs-block"></div>

<div class="col-xs-6 col-sm-4">.col-xs-6 .col-sm-4</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</body>

</html>


3.1.4 排版:(

标题

<h1>h1. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h1>

<h2>h2. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h2>

<h3>h3. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h3>

<h4>h4. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h4>

<h5>h5. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h5>

<h6>h6. Bootstrap heading <small>Secondary text</small></h6>

 

 

1.5 对齐(

<p class="text-left">Left aligned text.</p>

<p class="text-center">Center aligned text.</p>

<p class="text-right">Right aligned text.</p>

<p class="text-justify">Justified text.</p>

<!--超出页面显示范围不换行-->

<p class="text-nowrap">No wrap text.</p>

 

 

对齐的时候有一个问题:

测试代码:

<span class="text-center">Hello Word</span>

没有居中的效果,因为span不是单独占用一行

  内联列表:(

内联列表:通过设置 display: inline-block; 并添加少量的内补(padding),将所有元素放置于同一行。

 

<ul class="list-inline">

   <li>Lorem ipsum</li>

   <li>Phasellus iaculis</li>

   <li>Nulla volutpat</li>

</ul>

 

表格:(

<table class="table">

      <caption>Optional table caption.</caption>

      <thead>

        <tr>

          <th>#</th>

          <th>First Name</th>

          <th>Last Name</th>

          <th>Username</th>

        </tr>

      </thead>

      <tbody>

        <tr>

          <th scope="row">1</th>

          <td>Mark</td>

          <td>Otto</td>

          <td>@mdo</td>

        </tr>

        <tr>

          <th scope="row">2</th>

          <td>Jacob</td>

          <td>Thornton</td>

          <td>@fat</td>

        </tr>

        <tr>

          <th scope="row">3</th>

          <td>Larry</td>

          <td>the Bird</td>

          <td>@twitter</td>

        </tr>

      </tbody>

    </table>

 

 表单:(

<form>

  <div class="form-group">

    <label for="exampleInputEmail1">Email address</label>

    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail1" placeholder="Email">

  </div>

  <div class="form-group">

    <label for="exampleInputPassword1">Password</label>

    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="exampleInputPassword1" placeholder="Password">

  </div>

  <div class="form-group">

    <label for="exampleInputFile">File input</label>

    <input type="file" id="exampleInputFile">

    <p class="help-block">Example block-level help text here.</p>

  </div>

  <div class="checkbox">

    <label>

      <input type="checkbox"> Check me out

    </label>

  </div>

  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button></form>

 

 

 内联表单:(

内联表单:行级表单

<form class="form-inline">

  <div class="form-group">

    <label for="exampleInputName2">Name</label>

    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="exampleInputName2" placeholder="Jane Doe">

  </div>

  <div class="form-group">

    <label for="exampleInputEmail2">Email</label>

    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="exampleInputEmail2" placeholder="jane.doe@example.com">

  </div>

  <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Send invitation</button></form>

 

 

 按钮:(

<a class="btn btn-default" href="#" role="button">Link</a>

<button class="btn btn-default" type="submit">Button</button>

<input class="btn btn-default" type="button" value="Input">

<input class="btn btn-default" type="submit" value="Submit">

 

 

图片:(

<img src="img/1.jpg" alt="..." class="img-rounded img-responsive">

<img src="img/2.jpg" alt="..." class="img-circle img-responsive">

<img src="img/3.jpg" alt="..." class="img-thumbnail img-responsive">

Ps:通过为图片添加 .img-responsive 类可以让图片支持响应式布局。

 

 Bootstrap组件:

 

 

 字体图标(

<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true"></span>

 

注意,这个字体图标其实是一个文本,调整大小可以使用style="font-size: 60px;"

<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-search" aria-hidden="true" style="font-size: 60px;"></span><br>

效果:

 

 下拉菜单(

Div和无需列表的组合

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

 

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

<!-- 上述3meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->

<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>

<!-- Bootstrap -->

<link href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

</head>

 

<body>

<div class="dropdown">

<button class="btn btn-default dropdown-toggle" type="button" id="dropdownMenu1" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="true">

    Dropdown1111

    <span class="caret"></span>

  </button>

<ul class="dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="dropdownMenu1">

<li>

<a href="#">Action222</a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="#">Another action3333</a>

</li>

<li>

<a href="#">Something else here4444</a>

</li>

<li role="separator" class="divider"></li>

<li>

<a href="#">Separated link555</a>

</li>

</ul>

</div>

</body>

 

</html>


3.2.3 输入框组(

<div class="input-group">

<input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Recipient's username" aria-describedby="basic-addon2">

<span class="btn btn-default input-group-addon glyphicon glyphicon-search" id="basic-addon2"></span>

</div>

效果:

 

 导航条(

<nav class="navbar navbar-default">

  <div class="container-fluid">

    <!-- Brand and toggle get grouped for better mobile display -->

    <div class="navbar-header">

      <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1" aria-expanded="false">

        <span class="sr-only">Toggle navigation</span>

        <span class="icon-bar"></span>

        <span class="icon-bar"></span>

        <span class="icon-bar"></span>

      </button>

      <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Brand</a>

    </div>

 

    <!-- Collect the nav links, forms, and other content for toggling -->

    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">

      <ul class="nav navbar-nav">

        <li class="active"><a href="#">Link <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>

        <li><a href="#">Link</a></li>

        <li class="dropdown">

          <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>

          <ul class="dropdown-menu">

            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>

            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>

            <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>

            <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>

            <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>

            <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>

            <li><a href="#">One more separated link</a></li>

          </ul>

        </li>

      </ul>

      <form class="navbar-form navbar-left">

        <div class="form-group">

          <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="Search">

        </div>

        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submit</button>

      </form>

      <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">

        <li><a href="#">Link</a></li>

        <li class="dropdown">

          <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">Dropdown <span class="caret"></span></a>

          <ul class="dropdown-menu">

            <li><a href="#">Action</a></li>

            <li><a href="#">Another action</a></li>

            <li><a href="#">Something else here</a></li>

            <li role="separator" class="divider"></li>

            <li><a href="#">Separated link</a></li>

          </ul>

        </li>

      </ul>

    </div><!-- /.navbar-collapse -->

  </div><!-- /.container-fluid -->

</nav>

 

分页条

<nav aria-label="Page navigation">

  <ul class="pagination">

    <li>

      <a href="#" aria-label="Previous">

        <span aria-hidden="true">«</span>

      </a>

    </li>

    <li><a href="#">1</a></li>

    <li><a href="#">2</a></li>

    <li><a href="#">3</a></li>

    <li><a href="#">4</a></li>

    <li><a href="#">5</a></li>

    <li>

      <a href="#" aria-label="Next">

        <span aria-hidden="true">»</span>

      </a>

    </li>

  </ul>

</nav>

 

 

 

3.3 Bootstrap插件(

  模态框(

<!DOCTYPE html>

<html>

<head>

<meta charset="utf-8">

<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">

<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">

<!-- 上述3meta标签*必须*放在最前面,任何其他内容都*必须*跟随其后! -->

<title>Bootstrap 101 Template</title>

<!-- Bootstrap -->

<link href="../css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">

<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery.js"></script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>

</head>

<body>

<!-- Button trigger modal -->

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#myModal">

  Launch demo modal

</button>

 

<!-- Modal -->

<div class="modal fade" id="myModal" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-labelledby="myModalLabel">

  <div class="modal-dialog" role="document">

    <div class="modal-content">

      <div class="modal-header">

        <button type="button" class="close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"><span aria-hidden="true">×</span></button>

        <h4 class="modal-title" id="myModalLabel">Modal title</h4>

      </div>

      <div class="modal-body">

        ...

      </div>

      <div class="modal-footer">

        <button type="button" class="btn btn-default" data-dismiss="modal">Close</button>

        <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary">Save changes</button>

      </div>

    </div>

  </div>

</div>

</body>

</html>

 

  

轮播图Carousel(

<div id="carousel-example-generic" class="carousel slide" data-ride="carousel">

<!-- Indicators -->

<ol class="carousel-indicators">

<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="0" class="active"></li>

<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="1"></li>

<li data-target="#carousel-example-generic" data-slide-to="2"></li>

</ol>

 

<!-- Wrapper for slides -->

<div class="carousel-inner" role="listbox">

<div class="item active">

<img src="img/1.jpg" alt="...">

<div class="carousel-caption">

...

</div>

</div>

<div class="item">

<img src="img/2.jpg" alt="...">

<div class="carousel-caption">

...

</div>

</div>

<div class="item">

<img src="img/3.jpg" alt="...">

<div class="carousel-caption">

...

</div>

</div>

...

</div>

 

<!-- Controls -->

<a class="left carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="prev">

<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></span>

<span class="sr-only">Previous</span>

</a>

<a class="right carousel-control" href="#carousel-example-generic" role="button" data-slide="next">

<span class="glyphicon glyphicon-chevron-right" aria-hidden="true"></span>

<span class="sr-only">Next</span>

</a>

</div>

 

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