django -- 视图高级

最新推荐文章于 2022-03-14 13:52:57 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-03-14 13:52:57 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42336700/article/details/82765412

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* django 限制请求
* 页面重定向
* HttpRequest对象
* 生成CSV文件
* 类视图

## django 限制请求

* get 一般用来像服务器索取数据不会对服务器的状态进行修改不会像服务器提交数据
* post 一般用来像服务器提交数据会对服务器的状态进行修改比如提交一片文章给服务器

~~~
**装饰器：require_http_method()
使用Django预置的require_http_methods(methods)装饰器进行限制，让框架帮你拦截那些不想要的请求。

405代码表示：请求的方法不被允许。

require_GET() - 声明被装饰的视图仅支持GET方法
require_POST() - 声明被装饰的视图仅支持POST方法
require_SAFE() - 声明被装饰的视图仅支持GET和HEAD方法

~~~

```
from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods
@require_http_methods(['GET']) 这样的话只能 GET请求过来
def index(request):
#首页用来展示数据
#一般用get请求展示数据
articles = Article.objects.all()
return render(request,'index.html',context={"articles":articles})

完整实例
models.py
from django.db import models
class Article(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
content = models.TextField()
price = models.FloatField(default=0)
create_time = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
class Meta:
db_table = 'article'
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Article
from django.views.decorators.http import require_http_methods,require_GET,require_POST,require_safe
from django.http import HttpResponse

def add(request):
books = Article(title='三国',content='haha')
books.save()
return HttpResponse("添加成功")

#两种方法判断method请求方法
# @require_GET
@require_http_methods(['GET'])
def index(request):
article = Article.objects.all()
for i in article:
print(i.title)
return render(request,'index.html',context={"article":article})

@require_http_methods(['GET','POST'])
def add_article(request):
if request.method == "GET":
return render(request,'add_article.html')
else:
title = request.POST.get('title')
content = request.POST.get('content')
price = request.POST.get('price')
#第一种方法添加数据
Article.objects.create(title=title,content=content,price=price)
#第二种方法添加数据
a = Article(title=title,content=content,price=price)
        a.save()
return HttpResponse("添加成功")

add_article.html
<form action="{% url 'add_article' %}" method="get">
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>标题</td>
<td><input type="text" name="title"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>内容</td>
<td><input type="text" name="content"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>价格</td>
<td><input type="text" name="price"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td></td>
<td><input type="submit" name="提交"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</form>
```

## 页面重定向

* 301 永久性重定向比如 t.tt 跳转到 https://www.smartisan.com/ www.jingdong.com 跳转到 www.jd.com
* 302暂时性的重定向 https://www.zhihu.com 如果没有登陆跳转到 https://www.zhihu.com/signup?next=%2F

## HttpRequest对象

```
django在接收到http请求以后会根据请求携带的参数及报文创建一个 WSGIRequest对象这个对象会作为视图函数的第一个参数传递给视图函数也就是经常看到的request
```

### WSGIRequest 属性

* path request.path 请求服务器的完整的路径注意这里不包括域名和端口号

* method request.method 请求的方法 GET 或者 POST

* request.get_raw_uri() 包含域名和端口

* http://127.0.0.1:9000/signup/?username=1111&password=12345

* request.get_host() 返回的是127.0.0.1

~~~
代码实例
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render,redirect,reverse
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.core.handlers.wsgi import WSGIRequest
# Create your views here.

# def index(request):
# username = request.GET.get('username')
# if username:
# return HttpResponse("首页")
# else:
# return redirect(reverse('signup'))
#
# def signup(request):
# return HttpResponse("登录界面")

def index(request):
print(type(request))#打印出<class 'django.core.handlers.wsgi.WSGIRequest'>
print(request.path)#打印出 /
return HttpResponse("首页")

def signup(request):
print(request.path)#打印出/signup/
print(request.method)#打印出GET
print(request.get_raw_uri())#打印出http://127.0.0.1:9000/signup/
print(request.get_host())#打印出127.0.0.1:9000
return HttpResponse("登录首页")

主目录下的urls.py
from front import views
urlpatterns = [
path('', views.index,name='index'),
path('signup/', views.signup,name='signup'),
]

~~~

## 将数据到处到 CSV 文件

```
from django.http import HttpResponse
import csv

def index(request):
response = HttpResponse(content_type='text/csv') #告诉浏览器这是一个 csv 格式的文件不是html 如果不指定就是html
response['Content-Disposition']="attechment;filename='abc.csv'"# 在 response 添加一个 'Content-Disposition'头这样的话是为了告诉他该怎么样处理这个csv文件 attechment 说明这是一个附件这样浏览器就不会显示它而是下载 filename='abc.csv' 是指定附件的名字
writer = csv.writer(response) writer 将内容写进respone
writer.writerow(['username','age','height'])
writer.writerow(['qulinx', '18', '181cm'])
return response

```

### 根据模板导出 csv 文件

```
def template_csv_view(request):
response = HttpResponse(content_type='text/csv')
response['Content-Disposition'] = "attechment;filename='linzhen.csv'"
context = {
'rows':[
['username','age','height','weight'],
['zelinx',18,'181cm','90kg']
]
}
#获得模板python1806.txt
template= loader.get_template('python1806.txt')
csv_template = template.render(context)
response.content = csv_template
return response
```

### StreamingHttpResponse 在处理大文件的时候不会因为服务器响应时间长而超时这个类不继承于 HttpResponse 类似于大视频边看边下载

```
def large_csv_view(request):
# response = HttpResponse(content_type='text/csv')
# response['Content-Disposition'] = "attechment;filename='linzhen.csv'"
# writer = csv.writer(response)
# for row in range(0,1000000):
# writer.writerow(['Row {}'.format(row),'{}'.format(row)])
# return response
response = StreamingHttpResponse(content_type='text/csv')
response['Content-Disposition'] = "attechment;filename='kangbazi.csv'"
rows = ("第{},{}\n".format(row,row) for row in range(0,10000000))
response.streaming_content=rows
return response

```

## 类视图

```
views.py
from django.views.generic import View
class AddFront(View):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
#*args 所有的位置参数 **kwargs 所有的关键字参数
# 这两个说明你可以接收任意的参数
#self 这个参数是对象的参数
return render(request,'add_book.html')
def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
title = request.POST.get('title')
content = request.POST.get('content')
print("title:{},content:{}".format(title,content))
return HttpResponse("添加成功")

urls
path('add/',views.AddFront.as_view(),name="add_front")
```

## TemplateView 返回模板用比如果壳网的关于我们这个网页完全可以是静态的可以直接返回不用每次请求请求数据库之类的

```python
class AboutView(TemplateView):
template_name = 'about.html'

urls.py
path('about',views.AboutView.as_view(),name="about_view"),

如果想要加载动态内容
   只需要
class AboutView(TemplateView):
template_name = 'about.html'
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = {
"phone":"13888888888"
}
return context

页面上:
    {{phone}}
```

~~~
完整代码实例
views.py
from django.shortcuts import render
from .models import Front
from django.http import HttpResponse
from django.views.generic import View,TemplateView
# Create your views here.

def add_front(request):
fronts = []
for a in range(0,100):
front = Front(title='标题：%s'%a,content='内容：%s'%a)
fronts.append(front)
Front.objects.bulk_create(fronts)#保存数据
return HttpResponse("添加成功")

class AddFront(View):
def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
return render(request,'add_book.html')

def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
title = request.POST.get('title')
content = request.POST.get('content')
create_time = request.POST.get('create_time')
print("title:{},content:{},创建时间:{}".format(title,content,create_time))
front = Front(title=title,content=content,create_tme=create_time)
front.save()
return HttpResponse("添加成功")

class AboutView(TemplateView):
template_name = 'about.html'
def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
context = {
"phone":"13888888888888888"
}
return context

models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Front(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=100)
content = models.TextField()
create_tme = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
class Meta:
db_table = 'front'
app下的urls.py
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
path('',views.add_front),
path('add/',views.AddFront.as_view(),name='add_front'),
path('about/',views.AboutView.as_view(),name='about_view'),
]