5.shell的执行流控制

一、for语句

作用：为循环执行动作
 

for语句结构

for		定义变量
do		使用变量,执行动作
done		结束标志

for语句的基本格式

格式1

#!/bin/bash
for USER in {1..10}
do
  echo $USER
done

格式2

#!/bin/bash
for USER in `seq 1 2 10`
do
  echo $USER
done

格式3

#!/bin/bash
for USER in hello westos linux
do
  echo $USER
done

格式4

#!/bin/bash
for ((USER=0;USER<=10;USER++))
do
  echo $USER
done

练习题

要求：创建文件userlist,内容为“user1 user2 user3”;创建文件passlist,文件内容为"123 456 789";编写一个脚本user_create.sh，使用两个文件创建文件userlist中的用户，并修改为passlist文件中对应的密码

方案一

#!/bin/bash
for I in {1..3}
do
  USERNAME=$(sed -n ${I}p userlist)
  PASSWORD=$(sed -n ${I}p passlist)
   id $USERNAME &> /dev/null  &&{ 
      echo $USERNAME is exist
  }||{
      useradd $USERNAME
      echo $PASSWORD | passwd --stdin $USERNAME &> /dev/null  &&{ 
    echo $USERNAME is created
    }   
    }   
done

方案二

#!/bin/bash
for Line_Number in `seq 1 $(sed -n '$=' $1)`
do
  USERNAME=$(sed -n ${Line_Number}p $1)
  PASSWORD=$(sed -n ${Line_Number}p $2)
   id $USERNAME &> /dev/null  &&{ 
      echo $USERNAME is exist
      userdel -r $USERNAME
  }||{
      useradd $USERNAME
      echo $PASSWORD | passwd --stdin $USERNAME &> /dev/null && echo $USERNAME is created
    }   
done

二、条件语句

1.while…do语句

作用：
条件为真执行动作

语句结构

while ture	<!--条件为真-->
do			<!--条件成立所作循环动作-->
done		<!--结束-->

实例：

#!/bin/bash
while true
do
  read -p "Please input word: " WORD
  echo $WORD
done

2.until…do 语句

作用:
条件为假执行动作

语句结构

until false		<!--条件为假-->
do				<!--条件不成立所作循环动作-->
done			<!--结束-->

案例：

#!/bin/bash
until [ "$USER" = "root" ]
do
  read -p "Please input word: " WORD
  echo $WORD
done

3.if…then…elif…then…else…fi 语句

作用:
多次判定条件执行动作

代码结构

if			<!--首次判断定-->
then		<!--条件成立执行动作-->
elif		<!--当首次判定不成立时再次判定-->
then		<!--条件成立执行动作-->
...			<!--elif可以书写多次-->
else		<!--所有条件不成立执行动作-->
fi			<!--结束-->

案例

#!/bin/bash
if [ "$b" = "1" ]
then
  echo $b
elif [ "$b" = "2" ]
then
  echo $b
else
  echo error
fi

练习题

题目要求
check_file.sh
please input filename: file
file is not exist
file is file
file is direcory
此脚本会一直询问直到用户输入exit为止

方案一

#!/bin/bash

while true
do
  read -p "please input filename: " FILENAME
  if  [ "$FILENAME" = "exit" ]
  then
      exit
  elif [ -e $FILENAME ]
  then
      [ -f $FILENAME ]&&{
      echo $FILENAME is file
      }||{
      [ -d $FILENAME ]&&{
          echo $FILENAME is directory
          }
      }   
  else 
      echo $FILENAME is not exist
  fi  
done

方案二

#!/bin/bash
while true
do
  read -p "please input filename: " FILENAME
  if [ "$FILENAME" = "exit" ]
  then
    exit
  elif [ -e $FILENAME ] 
  then
    if  [ -f $FILENAME ]   
    then
      echo $FILENAME is file
    elif [ -d $FILENAME ]
    then
      echo $FILENAME is directory
     fi  
   else
     echo $FILENAME is not exist
  fi  
done

方案三

#!/bin/bash
CHECK()
{
if [ $1 $2 ]
then 
    echo $3
fi
}

while true
do
  read -p "please input filename: " FILENAME
  if  [ "$FILENAME" = "exit" ]
  then
      exit
  elif [ -e $FILENAME ]
  then
      CHECK -f $FILENAME "$FILENAME is file"
      CHECK -d $FILENAME "$FILENAME is directory"
  else 
      echo $FILENAME is not exist
  fi  
done

三、case

格式

case $1 in
word1|WORD1)
action1
;;
word2|WORD2)
action2
;;
*)
action3
esac

case与if条件语句相似，但执行流不同，if条件语句会将所有条件执行一遍，无论条件是否已经符合执行过了。

脚本练习：
题目要求

user_ctrl.sh
please input action:add
lee is exist ----- lee is exist ------> Please input username: exit ----->Please input action: exit
lee is not exist -----> Please input password ----> create lee ----- lee is created ---->Please input action : exit ----> exit

Please input action:del

Please input username: lee
lee is exist ------->delete lee ------>lee is deleted ----> Please input action:exit----->exit
lee is not exist -----> lee is not exist ----> Please input username:exit ---->Please input action : exit ----> exit

方案一

#!/bin/bash
ADD()
{
while true
do
  read -p "Please input username: " USERNAME
  if [ "$USERNAME" = "exit" ]
  then
    break
   fi  
    id $USERNAME &> /dev/null  &&{ 
    echo $USERNAME is exist
  }||{
    read -p " Please input password: " PASSWORD
    useradd $USERNAME
    echo $PASSWORD | passwd --stdin $USERNAME &> /dev/null
    echo $USERNAME is created
  }
done
}  
DEL()
{
while true
do
read -p "Please input username: " USERNAME
  if [ "$USERNAME" = 'exit' ]
  then
    break
  fi  
   id $USERNAME &> /dev/null  &&{ 
    userdel -r $USERNAME
    echo $USERNAME is deleted
    }||{
    echo $USERNAME is not exist
    }   
done
}
while true
do
read -p "Please input action: " ACTION
  case $ACTION in
  add|ADD)
  ADD 
  ;;  
  del|DEL)
  DEL 
  ;;  
  exit|EXIT)
  exit
  ;;  
  *)  
  echo  input error
  esac

方案二

while true
do
  read -p "Please input username: " USERNAME
  if [ "$USERNAME" = "exit" ]
  then
    break
  elif  id $USERNAME &> /dev/null
    then
     echo $USERNAME is exist
  else
    read -p " Please input password: " PASSWORD
    useradd $USERNAME
    echo $PASSWORD | passwd --stdin $USERNAME &> /dev/null
    echo $USERNAME is created
  fi
done
}
DEL()
{
while true
do
read -p "Please input username: " USERNAME
  if [ "$USERNAME" = 'exit' ]
  then
    break
  elif id $USERNAME &> /dev/null
  then
    userdel -r $USERNAME
    echo $USERNAME is deleted
  else
    echo $USERNAME is not exist
  fi
done
}
while true
do
read -p "Please input action: " ACTION
  case $ACTION in
  add|ADD)
  ADD
  ;;
  del|DEL)
  DEL
  ;;
  exit|EXIT)
  exit
  ;;
  *)
  echo  input error
  esac
done

方案三

#!/bin/bash
USERACTION()
{
  read -p "Please input username: " USER
  case $USER in
    exit|EXIT)
    ;;
    *)
      id $USER &> /dev/null && {
        case $ACTION in
          add|ADD)
            echo $USER is exist
            USERACTION
             ;;
           del|DEL) 
            userdel -r $USER
            echo $USER is deleted
        esac
       }||{
        case $ACTION in
          add|ADD)
            read -p "Please input password:" PASSWD
           useradd $USER
            echo $PASSWD | passwd --stdin $USER
            echo $USER is created
            ;;
           del|DEL)
            echo $USER is not exist
            USERACTION
        esac
    }
    esac
}

while true
do
  read -p "Please input action: " ACTION
  case $ACTION in
  exit|EXIT)
    exit
  ;;
  add|ADD)
    USERACTION
  ;;
  del|DEL)
    USERACTION
  ;;
  *)
  echo "ERROR: Wrong action, Pleasee input add | del |exit"
  esac
done

四、expect

问题脚本

#!/bin/bash
read -p "what's your name: " NAME
read -p "How old are you " AGE 
read -p "Which objective you study: " OBJ 
read -p "Are you happy: " FEEL
echo $NAME is $AGE\'s old study $OBJ feel $FEEL   

应答脚本一

 #!/bin/bash
/mnt/ask.sh <<EOF
lee
18
linux
happy
EOF                                

该方式只能一行行准确对应否则会出现回答错误
应答脚本二

#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn /mnt/ask.sh
expect "name"
send "lee\r"
expect "old"
send "18\r"
expect "study"
send "linux\r"
expect "happy"
send "bad\r"
expect 

应答脚本三

#!/usr/bin/expect
spawn /mnt/ask.sh
expect {
    "name" { send "lee\r";exp_continue }
    "old" {  send "18\r";exp_continue }
    "study" {send "linuxi\r";exp_continue }
    "happy" { send "happy\r" }
}
expect eof 

应答脚本四

#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 3
set NAME [ lindex $argv 0 ] 
set AGE [ lindex $argv 1 ] 
set OBJ [ lindex $argv 2 ] 
set FEEL [ lindex $argv 3 ] 
spawn /mnt/ask.sh
expect {
    "name" { send "$NAME\r";exp_continue }
    "old" {  send "$AGE\r";exp_continue }
    "study" {send "$OBJ\r";exp_continue }
    "happy" { send "$FEEL\r" }
}
expect eof 

应答脚本五

#!/bin/bash
/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
spawn /mnt/ask.sh
expect {
    "name" { send "$1\r";exp_continue }
    "old" {  send "$2\r";exp_continue }
    "study" {send "$3\r";exp_continue }
    "happy" { send "$4\r" }
}
expect eof
EOF

脚本练习

host_list.sh
检测172.25.254.100-172.25.254.110网络是否开启
如果网络正常请生成解析列表hosts_list

格式如下
ip		主机名称
例如:172.25.254.1为开启状态主机名为westos_student1.westos.org

hosts_list中
172.25.254.1	westos_student1.westos.org

脚本

#!/bin/bash
AUTO()
{
/usr/bin/expect <<EOF
spawn ssh -l root 172.25.254.$IP hostname
expect {
      "yes/no/" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
      "password" { send "westos\r" }
}
expect eof
EOF
}
for IP in {100..110}
do
  ping -w1 172.25.254.$IP &> /dev/null && {
  echo "172.25.254.$IP  $(AUTO | tail -n 1)" >> host_list
  }
done

执行脚本效果

五、break,continue,exit

contiue		##终止当此次前循环提前进入下个循环
break		#终止当前所在语句所有动作进行语句外的其他动作
exit		#脚本退出

#!/bin/bash
for I in {1..9}
do
  if [ "$I" = "4" ]
  then 
    echo luck number
    continue
  fi  
    echo $I
done

echo end

#!/bin/bash
for I in {1..9}
do
  if [ "$I" = "4" ]
  then 
    echo luck number
    break
  fi  
    echo $I
done

echo end

#!/bin/bash
for I in {1..9}
do
  if [ "$I" = "4" ]
  then 
    echo luck number
    exit
  fi  
    echo $I
done

echo end

六、返回值

#!/bin/bash
TEST()
{
  echo 1
  exit 3
  echo 2
}
TEST
echo 4

#!/bin/bash
TEST()
{
  echo 1
  return 3
  echo 2
}
TEST
echo 4

#!/bin/bash
TEST()
{
  echo 1
  return 3
  echo 2
}
TEST
echo $?
echo 4

#!/bin/bash
TEST()
{
  echo 1
  echo 2
}
TEST
return 3
echo $?
echo 4