引入
Java比较器的使用二(集合版)
我们都知道在Java中,数组有一个专门的工具类Arrays,里面封装了很多操作数组的方法,其中就有一个sort方法能够对数组进行排序,但它只能排序基本数据类型,碰到对象就没辙了,这时我们就需要使用比较器。
要求
- 我们有一个学生对象如下,它有字符串 id,int型 age,浮点型 weight,三个属性,这里需要按照年龄的升序,体重的降序进行排序。
public class Student {
private String name;
private int age;
private double weight;
public Student() {
}
public Student(String name, int age, double weight) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.weight = weight;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public double getWeight() {
return weight;
}
public void setWeight(double weight) {
this.weight = weight;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "[name=" + name + ", age=" + age + ", weight=" + weight + "]";
}
}
外部比较器
我们查看API,可以发现Arrays下面的sort重载了这样一个方法
可以根据比较器的比较规则来对数组进行排序,所以我们使用外部比较器来进行排序:
- 1.新建一个比较器类实现Comparator比较器的比较方法:
import java.util.Comparator;
public class StudentComparator implements Comparator<Student>{
}
- 2.重写里面的比较方法:
- 这里的比较方法大致意思就是,如果返回一个大于0的整数,就说明前面的比后面的大,会交换两个数的位置,返回小于0 则说明前面的数比后面的数小,为0则相等。
- 这里因为年龄是int型,所以直接求差就可以返回整型的值,但体重是double型,如果相减后强转为整型返回会有误差(例如差值为0.2,应该是前者较大,但强转为int变成0,结果就变为了相等)所以这里采用if判断,自己赋值
import java.util.Comparator;
public class StudentComparator implements Comparator<Student>{
@Override
public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
int flag = 0;
//返回年龄的比较
flag = o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
//如果年龄相等,则进行体重的降序
if(flag == 0) {
if(o1.getWeight() - o2.getWeight()>0) {
flag = 1;
}else if(o1.getWeight() - o2.getWeight()<0) {
flag = -1;
} else {
flag = 0;
}
}
return flag;
}
}
- 3.最后写一个测试类测试一下:
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//初始化数据
Student[] stuArr = {
new Student("张三",15,45.6),
new Student("小吴",12,47),
new Student("小二",14,52.6),
new Student("老王",17,49.6),
new Student("小明",13,53.6),
new Student("小花",14,56),
new Student("小兰",14,60.5),
};
System.out.println("=======排序前=========");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(stuArr));
System.out.println("=======排序后=========");
//排序
Arrays.sort(stuArr,new StudentComparator());
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(stuArr));
}
}
- 结果显示如下:
- 可以看到数组按照学生年龄升序和体重降序排序了。
=======排序前=========
[[name=张三, age=15, weight=45.6], [name=小吴, age=12, weight=47.0], [name=小二, age=14, weight=52.6], [name=老王, age=17, weight=49.6], [name=小明, age=13, weight=53.6], [name=小花, age=14, weight=56.0], [name=小兰, age=14, weight=60.5]]
=======排序后=========
[[name=小吴, age=12, weight=47.0], [name=小明, age=13, weight=53.6], [name=小兰, age=14, weight=60.5], [name=小花, age=14, weight=56.0], [name=小二, age=14, weight=52.6], [name=张三, age=15, weight=45.6], [name=老王, age=17, weight=49.6]]
内部比较器
内部比较器与外部比较器相似,需要具体类实现Comparable接口并重写比较方法。
- 1.实现Comparable接口:
public class Student implements Comparable<Student>{
- 2.重写比较方法:
@Override
public int compareTo(Student o) {
int flag = 0;
//返回年龄的比较
flag = this.getAge() - o.getAge();
//如果年龄相等,则进行体重的降序
if(flag == 0) {
if(this.getWeight() - o.getWeight()>0) {
flag = -1;
}else if(this.getWeight() - o.getWeight()<0) {
flag = 1;
} else {
flag = 0;
}
}
return flag;
}
- 3.写测试类,与外部比较器的区别就是调用sort方法时不传入比较器就是默认调用内部比较器。
import java.util.Arrays;
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//初始化数据
Student[] stuArr = {
new Student("张三",15,45.6),
new Student("小吴",12,47),
new Student("小二",14,52.6),
new Student("老王",17,49.6),
new Student("小明",13,53.6),
new Student("小花",14,56),
new Student("小兰",14,60.5),
};
System.out.println("=======排序前=========");
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(stuArr));
System.out.println("=======排序后=========");
//排序
Arrays.sort(stuArr);
System.out.println(Arrays.toString(stuArr));
}
}
- 4.结果如下:
=======排序前=========
[[name=张三, age=15, weight=45.6], [name=小吴, age=12, weight=47.0], [name=小二, age=14, weight=52.6], [name=老王, age=17, weight=49.6], [name=小明, age=13, weight=53.6], [name=小花, age=14, weight=56.0], [name=小兰, age=14, weight=60.5]]
=======排序后=========
[[name=小吴, age=12, weight=47.0], [name=小明, age=13, weight=53.6], [name=小兰, age=14, weight=60.5], [name=小花, age=14, weight=56.0], [name=小二, age=14, weight=52.6], [name=张三, age=15, weight=45.6], [name=老王, age=17, weight=49.6]]