协程调度器 Coroutine源码分析

最近准备对一个小巧但又不失精妙和整体的脉络的协程调度器动手了，为了能够深入的理解协程的调度机制和原理，特意分析了一个协程调度器的源码：coroutine

1.Coroutine源码分析

coroutine.h

#pragma

//协程的四种不同的状态
#define COROUTINE_DEAD 0
#define COROUTINE_READY 1
#define COROUTINE_RUNNING 2
#define COROUTINE_SUSPEND 3

struct schedule;    //调度器结构体

//协程执行函数
typedef void (*coroutine_func)(struct schedule *, void *ud);

//调度器的创建初始化和关闭
struct schedule * coroutine_open(void);
void coroutine_close(struct schedule *);

//协程创建到让出cpu挂起的整过程
int coroutine_new(struct schedule *, coroutine_func, void *ud);
void coroutine_resume(struct schedule *, int fd);
int coroutine_status(struct schedule *, int fd);
int coroutine_running(struct schedule *);
void coroutine_yield(struct schedule *);

coroutine.c

#include "coroutine.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ucontext.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include <string.h>

#define STACK_SIZE (1024 * 1024)	//协程调度栈大小 1MB
#define DEFAULT_COROUNTINE 16		// 默认协程容量

struct coroutine;

struct schedule {
   	//调度器的结构
	char stack[STACK_SIZE];	//调用栈，用来记录协程调用关系的栈
	ucontext_t main;		//协程的上下文
	int nco;	//当前协程存在的数量
	int cap;	//协程的容量
	int running;	//正在运行的协程“id”
	struct coroutine **co;	//协程控制块
};

struct coroutine {
   
	coroutine_func func;	//执行函数
	void *ud;		//函数参数
	ucontext_t ctx;		//协程上下文
	struct schedule *sch;	//调度器指针
	ptrdiff_t cap;
	ptrdiff_t size;
	int status;		//协程的状态
	char *stack;	//协程的运行栈
};

struct coroutine *	//初始化创建协程
_co_new(struct schedule *S, coroutine_func func, void *ud) {
   
	struct coroutine * co = malloc(sizeof(*co));
	co->func = func;
	co->ud = ud;
	co->sch = S;
	co->cap = 0;
	co->size = 0;
	co->status = COROUTINE_READY;
	co->stack = NULL;
	return co;
}

void  	//释放协程占有的资源
_co_delete(struct coroutine *co) {
   
	free(co->stack);
	free(co);
}

struct schedule *	//初始化创建“协程调度器”
coroutine_open(void) {
   
	struct schedule * S = malloc(sizeof(*S));
	S->nco = 0;
	S->cap = DEFAULT_COROUNTINE;
	S->running = -1;
	S->co = malloc(sizeof(struct coroutine