android_基础_dialogFragment

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转载自:http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/37815413

1、 概述

DialogFragment在android 3.0时被引入。是一种特殊的Fragment,用于在Activity的内容之上展示一个模态的对话框。典型的用于:展示警告框,输入框,确认框等等。
在DialogFragment产生之前,我们创建对话框:一般采用AlertDialog和Dialog。注:官方不推荐直接使用Dialog创建对话框。

2、 好处与用法

使用DialogFragment来管理对话框,当旋转屏幕和按下后退键时可以更好的管理其声明周期,它和Fragment有着基本一致的声明周期。且DialogFragment也允许开发者把Dialog作为内嵌的组件进行重用,类似Fragment(可以在大屏幕和小屏幕显示出不同的效果)。上面会通过例子展示这些好处~

使用DialogFragment至少需要实现onCreateView或者onCreateDIalog方法。onCreateView即使用定义的xml布局文件展示Dialog。onCreateDialog即利用AlertDialog或者Dialog创建出Dialog。

3、 重写onCreateView创建Dialog

a)布局文件,我们创建一个设置名称的布局文件:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content" >
 
    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/id_label_your_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="32dp"
        android:gravity="center_vertical"
        android:text="Your name:" />
 
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/id_txt_your_name"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@id/id_label_your_name"
        android:imeOptions="actionDone"
        android:inputType="text" />
 
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/id_sure_edit_name"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
        android:layout_below="@id/id_txt_your_name"
        android:text="ok" />
 
</RelativeLayout>

b)继承DialogFragment,重写onCreateView方法

package com.example.zhy_dialogfragment;
 
import android.app.DialogFragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
 
public class EditNameDialogFragment extends DialogFragment
{
 
 
	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
			Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_edit_name, container);
		return view;
	}
 
}

c)测试运行:

Main方法中调用:

public void showEditDialog(View view)
	{
		EditNameDialogFragment editNameDialog = new EditNameDialogFragment();
		editNameDialog.show(getFragmentManager(), "EditNameDialog");
	}

效果图:

在这里插入图片描述

可以看到,对话框成功创建并显示出来,不过默认对话框有个讨厌的标题,我们怎么去掉呢:可以在onCreateView中调用getDialog().requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);即可去掉。即:

public class EditNameDialogFragment extends DialogFragment
{
 
	@Override
	public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
			Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		getDialog().requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE);
		View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_edit_name, container);
		return view;
	}
 
}

效果图:

在这里插入图片描述

很完美的去掉了讨厌的标题。

4、 重写onCreateDialog创建Dialog

在onCreateDialog中一般可以使用AlertDialog或者Dialog创建对话框,不过既然google不推荐直接使用Dialog,我们就使用AlertDialog来创建一个登录的对话框。

a)布局文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="wrap_content"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content"
    android:orientation="vertical" >
 
    <ImageView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="64dp"
        android:background="#FFFFBB33"
        android:contentDescription="@string/app_name"
        android:scaleType="center"
        android:src="@drawable/title" />
 
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/id_txt_username"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="4dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="4dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="4dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="16dp"
        android:hint="input username"
        android:inputType="textEmailAddress" />
 
    <EditText
        android:id="@+id/id_txt_password"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_marginBottom="16dp"
        android:layout_marginLeft="4dp"
        android:layout_marginRight="4dp"
        android:layout_marginTop="4dp"
        android:fontFamily="sans-serif"
        android:hint="input password"
        android:inputType="textPassword" />
 
</LinearLayout>

b)继承DialogFragment重写onCreateDialog方法

package com.example.zhy_dialogfragment;
 
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.app.DialogFragment;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.EditText;
 
public class LoginDialogFragment extends DialogFragment
{
 
	@Override
	public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
		// Get the layout inflater
		LayoutInflater inflater = getActivity().getLayoutInflater();
		View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_login_dialog, null);
		// Inflate and set the layout for the dialog
		// Pass null as the parent view because its going in the dialog layout
		builder.setView(view)
				// Add action buttons
				.setPositiveButton("Sign in",
						new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
						{
							@Override
							public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id)
							{
							}
						}).setNegativeButton("Cancel", null);
		return builder.create();
	}
}

c)调用

public void showLoginDialog(View view)
	{
		LoginDialogFragment dialog = new LoginDialogFragment();
		dialog.show(getFragmentManager(), "loginDialog");
	}

效果图:

在这里插入图片描述

可以看到通过重写onCreateDialog同样可以实现创建对话框,效果还是很nice的。

5、传递数据给Activity

从dialog传递数据给Activity,可以使用“fragment interface pattern”的方式,下面通过一个改造上面的登录框来展示这种模式。

改动比较小,直接贴代码了:

package com.example.zhy_dialogfragment;
 
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.app.DialogFragment;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.EditText;
 
public class LoginDialogFragment extends DialogFragment
{
	private EditText mUsername;
	private EditText mPassword;
 
	public interface LoginInputListener
	{
		void onLoginInputComplete(String username, String password);
	}
	
	@Override
	public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(getActivity());
		// Get the layout inflater
		LayoutInflater inflater = getActivity().getLayoutInflater();
		View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_login_dialog, null);
		mUsername = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.id_txt_username);
		mPassword = (EditText) view.findViewById(R.id.id_txt_password);
		// Inflate and set the layout for the dialog
		// Pass null as the parent view because its going in the dialog layout
		builder.setView(view)
				// Add action buttons
				.setPositiveButton("Sign in",
						new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
						{
							@Override
							public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id)
							{
								LoginInputListener listener = (LoginInputListener) getActivity();
								listener.onLoginInputComplete(mUsername
										.getText().toString(), mPassword
										.getText().toString());
							}
						}).setNegativeButton("Cancel", null);
		return builder.create();
	}
}

拿到username和password的引用,在点击登录的时候,把activity强转为我们自定义的接口:LoginInputListener,然后将用户输入的数据返回。

MainActivity中需要实现我们的接口LoginInputListener,实现我们的方法,就可以实现当用户点击登陆时,获得我们的帐号密码了:

c)	MainActivity
package com.example.zhy_dialogfragment;
 
import com.example.zhy_dialogfragment.LoginDialogFragment.LoginInputListener;
 
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.AlertDialog;
import android.content.DialogInterface;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Toast;
 
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements LoginInputListener
{
 
	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
	}
 
	
 
	public void showLoginDialog(View view)
	{
		LoginDialogFragment dialog = new LoginDialogFragment();
		dialog.show(getFragmentManager(), "loginDialog");
 
	}
 
	@Override
	public void onLoginInputComplete(String username, String password)
	{
		Toast.makeText(this, "帐号:" + username + ",  密码 :" + password,
				Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
	}
 
}

效果:

在这里插入图片描述

6、DialogFragment做屏幕适配

我们希望,一个对话框在大屏幕上以对话框的形式展示,而小屏幕上则直接嵌入当前的Actvity中。这种效果的对话框,只能通过重写onCreateView实现。下面我们利用上面的EditNameDialogFragment来显示。

EditNameDialogFragment我们已经编写好了,直接在MainActivity中写调用

public void showDialogInDifferentScreen(View view)
	{
		FragmentManager fragmentManager = getFragmentManager();
		EditNameDialogFragment newFragment = new EditNameDialogFragment();
 
		boolean mIsLargeLayout = getResources().getBoolean(R.bool.large_layout) ;
		Log.e("TAG", mIsLargeLayout+"");
		if (mIsLargeLayout )
		{
			// The device is using a large layout, so show the fragment as a
			// dialog
			newFragment.show(fragmentManager, "dialog");
		} else
		{
			// The device is smaller, so show the fragment fullscreen
			FragmentTransaction transaction = fragmentManager
					.beginTransaction();
			// For a little polish, specify a transition animation
			transaction
					.setTransition(FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN);
			// To make it fullscreen, use the 'content' root view as the
			// container
			// for the fragment, which is always the root view for the activity
			transaction.replace(R.id.id_ly, newFragment)
					.commit();
		}
	}

可以看到,我们通过读取R.bool.large_layout,然后根据得到的布尔值,如果是大屏幕则直接以对话框显示,如果是小屏幕则嵌入我们的Activity布局中

这个R.bool.large_layout是我们定义的资源文件:

在默认的values下新建一个bools.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
 
    <bool name="large_layout">false</bool>
 
</resources>

然后在res下新建一个values-large,在values-large下再新建一个bools.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
 
    <bool name="large_layout">true</bool>
 
</resources>

最后测试:

在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

下面为模拟器,上面是手机~~~~~

7、屏幕旋转

当用户输入帐号密码时,忽然旋转了一下屏幕,帐号密码不见了~~~是不是会抓狂

传统的new AlertDialog在屏幕旋转时,第一不会保存用户输入的值,第二还会报异常,因为Activity销毁前不允许对话框未关闭。而通过DialogFragment实现的对话框则可以完全不必考虑旋转的问题。

我们直接把上面登录使用AlertDialog创建的登录框,拷贝到MainActivity中直接调用:

public void showLoginDialogWithoutFragment(View view)
	{
		AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
		// Get the layout inflater
		LayoutInflater inflater = this.getLayoutInflater();
 
		// Inflate and set the layout for the dialog
		// Pass null as the parent view because its going in the dialog layout
		builder.setView(inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment_login_dialog, null))
				// Add action buttons
				.setPositiveButton("Sign in",
						new DialogInterface.OnClickListener()
						{
							@Override
							public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int id)
							{
								// sign in the user ...
							}
						}).setNegativeButton("Cancel", null).show();
	}

下面我分别点击两种方式创建的登录框,看效果图:

可以看到,传统的Dialog旋转屏幕时就消失了,且后台log会报异常~~~使用DialogFragment则不受影响。

在这里插入图片描述

好了,关于DialogFragment的介绍结束~~~~

8、demo
package com.example.flashfeso_lwj.flashfeso.ui.controll.dialog

import android.app.Dialog
import android.graphics.Color
import android.graphics.drawable.ColorDrawable
import android.os.Bundle
import android.view.LayoutInflater
import android.view.View
import android.view.ViewGroup
import android.view.Window
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat
import androidx.fragment.app.DialogFragment
import com.example.flashfeso_lwj.R
import com.example.flashfeso_lwj.databinding.DialogSplashBinding
import javax.inject.Inject

class SplashPermissionDialog @Inject constructor()  : DialogFragment() {
    private lateinit var _binding: DialogSplashBinding
    val binding get() = _binding
    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        //若点击dialog覆盖不到的activity的空白或者按返回键,则调用cancel方法
        isCancelable = true
        //setStyle(STYLE_NO_TITLE, R.style.StyleCommonMultiDialog) //todo(不知道这行啥作用)
    }
    override fun onCreateView(
        inflater: LayoutInflater,
        container: ViewGroup?,
        savedInstanceState: Bundle?
    ): View? {
        _binding = DialogSplashBinding.inflate(layoutInflater, container, false)
        initDialog()
        return binding.root
    }

    override fun onCreateDialog(savedInstanceState: Bundle?): Dialog {
        //val style = R.style.StyleCommonMultiDialog //todo(自定义样式)
        return Dialog(requireContext(),0)
    }

    private fun initDialog() {
        dialog?.let {
            it.window?.run{
                //setBackgroundDrawable(ColorDrawable(Color.TRANSPARENT))
                //setLayout(-1, -2)
            }

            it.requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE)
        }
        binding.run{
            this.inclSplashContent1.let{ incl ->
                incl.ivDialogPermissionLogo.setImageResource(R.drawable.ic_app_launcher)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionInfo.visibility = View.GONE
                incl.tvDialogPermissionContent.setText(R.string.description_title)
            }

            this.inclSplashContent2.let { incl ->
                incl.ivDialogPermissionLogo.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon_permission_camera)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionInfo.setText(R.string.description_camera_title)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionContent.setText(R.string.description_camera_contenido)
            }
            this.inclSplashContent3.let { incl ->
                incl.ivDialogPermissionLogo.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon_permission_storage)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionInfo.setText(R.string.description_almacenamiento_title)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionContent.setText(R.string.description_almacenamiento_contenido)
            }
            this.inclSplashContent4.let { incl ->
                incl.ivDialogPermissionLogo.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon_permission_phone)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionInfo.setText(R.string.description_telefono_title)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionContent.setText(R.string.description_telefono_contenido)
            }
            this.inclSplashContent5.let { incl ->
                incl.ivDialogPermissionLogo.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon_permission_maillist)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionInfo.setText(R.string.description_contactos_title)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionContent.setText(R.string.description_contactos_contenido)
            }
            this.inclSplashContent6.let { incl ->
                incl.ivDialogPermissionLogo.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon_permission_sms)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionInfo.setText(R.string.description_sms_title)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionContent.setText(R.string.description_sms_contenido)
            }
            this.inclSplashContent7.let { incl ->
                incl.ivDialogPermissionLogo.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon_permission_location)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionInfo.setText(R.string.description_localizacion_title)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionContent.setText(R.string.description_localizacion_contenido)
            }
            this.inclSplashContent8.let { incl ->
                incl.ivDialogPermissionLogo.setImageResource(R.drawable.icon_permission_phonestatus)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionInfo.setText(R.string.description_estado_del_telefono_title)
                incl.tvDialogPermissionContent.setText(R.string.description_estado_del_telefono_contenido)
            }
        }
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!-- 注意一定要有个根结点,否则dialog不会正常显示, 如宽度显示很窄等-->
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_height="wrap_content">
    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="@dimen/dp_280"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:paddingStart="@dimen/dp_15"
        android:paddingTop="@dimen/dp_12"
        android:paddingEnd="@dimen/dp_15"
        android:paddingBottom="@dimen/dp_12"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content">

    <include
        android:id="@+id/incl_splash_content1"

        layout="@layout/incl_splash_dialog_permission_content" />

    <View
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/dm_common_divider_height"
        android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/dm_splash_view_margin_top"
        android:background="@color/color_main_background" />

    <com.example.flashfeso_lwj.flashfeso.ui.controll.custom_view.HaveMaxHeightNestedScrollView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:orientation="vertical"
        android:layout_height="match_parent">

        <LinearLayout
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:orientation="vertical">

            <include
                android:id="@+id/incl_splash_content2"
                layout="@layout/incl_splash_dialog_permission_content" />

            <include
                android:id="@+id/incl_splash_content3"
                layout="@layout/incl_splash_dialog_permission_content" />

            <include
                android:id="@+id/incl_splash_content4"
                layout="@layout/incl_splash_dialog_permission_content" />

            <include
                android:id="@+id/incl_splash_content5"
                layout="@layout/incl_splash_dialog_permission_content" />

            <include
                android:id="@+id/incl_splash_content6"
                layout="@layout/incl_splash_dialog_permission_content" />

            <include
                android:id="@+id/incl_splash_content7"
                layout="@layout/incl_splash_dialog_permission_content" />

            <include
                android:id="@+id/incl_splash_content8"
                layout="@layout/incl_splash_dialog_permission_content" />

        </LinearLayout>

    </com.example.flashfeso_lwj.flashfeso.ui.controll.custom_view.HaveMaxHeightNestedScrollView>

    <TextView
        android:layout_marginTop="@dimen/dp_10"
        android:textColor="@color/white"
        android:background="@drawable/bg_confirm"
        android:layout_width="@dimen/dp_190"
        android:layout_height="@dimen/dp_33"
        android:text="Got it!"
        android:textSize="16sp"
        android:layout_gravity="center"
        android:gravity="center"/>

    </LinearLayout>


</LinearLayout>

参考文档:

http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/ui/dialogs.html#DialogFragment

https://github.com/thecodepath/android_guides/wiki/Using-DialogFragment

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