skywalking简单入门使用

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简介

skywalking是一个优秀的国产开源框架,2015年由个人吴晟(华为开发者)开源 , 2017年加入Apache孵化器。短短两年就被Apache收入麾下,实力可见一斑。 skywalking支持dubbo,SpringCloud,SpringBoot集成,代码无侵入,通信方式采用GRPC,性能较好,实现方式是java探针,支持告警,支持JVM监控,支持全局调用统计等等,功能较完善。

官网:https://skywalking.apache.org/

Skywalking架构

SkyWalking 逻辑上分为四部分: 探针, 平台后端, 存储和用户界面。

  • 探针 基于不同的来源可能是不一样的, 但作用都是收集数据, 将数据格式化为 SkyWalking 适用的格式.
  • 平台后端, 支持数据聚合, 数据分析以及驱动数据流从探针到用户界面的流程。分析包括 Skywalking 原生追踪和性能指标以及第三方来源,包括 Istio 及 Envoy telemetry , Zipkin 追踪格式化等。
  • 存储 通过开放的插件化的接口存放 SkyWalking 数据. 你可以选择一个既有的存储系统, 如 ElasticSearch, H2 或 MySQL 集群(Sharding-Sphere 管理),也可以选择自己实现一个存储系统. 当然, 我们非常欢迎你贡献新的存储系统实现。
  • UI 一个基于接口高度定制化的Web系统,用户可以可视化查看和管理 SkyWalking 数据。

部署安装

多种方式,只给出docker部署的docker-compose例子,其他的自行在官网查找。

存储使用的是es7,同时将oap注册到了nacos

version: '2'
services:
  elasticsearch:
    image: elasticsearch:7.14.2
    container_name: elasticsearch
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 9200:9200
    environment:
      - "TAKE_FILE_OWNERSHIP=true" # volumes 挂载权限 如果不想要挂载es文件改配置可以删除
      - "discovery.type=single-node" #单机模式启动
      - "TZ=Asia/Shanghai" # 设置时区
      - "ES_JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx512m" # 设置jvm内存大小
    volumes:
      - /data/skywalking/elasticsearch/logs:/usr/share/elasticsearch/logs
      - /data/skywalking/elasticsearch/data:/usr/share/elasticsearch/data
    ulimits:
      memlock:
        soft: -1
        hard: -1
  skywalking-oap-server:
    image: apache/skywalking-oap-server:8.9.1
    container_name: skywalking-oap-server
    depends_on:
      - elasticsearch
    links:
      - elasticsearch
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 11800:11800
      - 12800:12800
    environment:
	#此处的参数为容器里/skywalking/config/application.yml的配置
      SW_STORAGE: elasticsearch  # 指定ES版本
      SW_STORAGE_ES_CLUSTER_NODES: elasticsearch:9200
      SW_CLUSTER: nacos
      SW_SERVICE_NAME: skywalking-oap-server
      SW_CLUSTER_NACOS_HOST_PORT: 192.168.0.200
      SW_CLUSTER_NACOS_NAMESPACE: dev
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
  skywalking-ui:
    image: apache/skywalking-ui:8.9.1
    container_name: skywalking-ui
    depends_on:
      - skywalking-oap-server
    links:
      - skywalking-oap-server
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 8080:8080
    environment:
      SW_OAP_ADDRESS: http://skywalking-oap-server:12800
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai

UI界面说明

  • 仪表盘:查看被监控服务的运行状态
  • 拓扑图:以拓扑图的方式展现服务直接的关系,并以此为入口查看相关信息
  • 追踪:以接口列表的方式展现,追踪接口内部调用过程
  • 性能剖析:单独端点进行采样分析,并可查看堆栈信息
  • 告警:触发告警的告警列表,包括实例,请求超时等。
  • 事件:
  • 调试:
仪表盘

仪表盘分为:全局(Global)、服务(Service)、实例(Instance)、端点(Endpoint)四个维度

  • Global全局维度

image-20220726140110470

  • Services load:服务每分钟请求数
  • Slow Services:慢响应服务,单位ms
  • Un-Health services(Apdex):Apdex性能指标,1为满分。
  • Global Response Latency:百分比响应延时,不同百分比的延时时间,单位ms
  • Global Heatmap:服务响应时间热力分布图,根据时间段内不同响应时间的数量显示颜色深度
  • Service服务维度

image-20220726142226884

  • Service Apdex(数字):当前服务的评分
  • Service Apdex(折线图):不同时间的Apdex评分
  • Successful Rate(数字):请求成功率
  • Successful Rate(折线图):不同时间的请求成功率
  • Servce Load(数字):每分钟请求数
  • Servce Load(折线图):不同时间的每分钟请求数
  • Service Avg Response Times:平均响应延时,单位ms
  • Global Response Time Percentile:百分比响应延时
  • Servce Instances Load:每个服务实例的每分钟请求数
  • Show Service Instance:每个服务实例的最大延时
  • Service Instance Successful Rate:每个服务实例的请求成功率
  • Instance实例维度

image-20220726142716953

  • Service Instance Load:当前实例的每分钟请求数
  • Service Instance Successful Rate:当前实例的请求成功率
  • Service Instance Latency:当前实例的响应延时
  • JVM CPU:jvm占用CPU的百分比
  • JVM Memory:JVM内存占用大小,单位m
  • JVM GC Time:JVM垃圾回收时间,包含YGC和OGC
  • JVM GC Count:JVM垃圾回收次数,包含YGC和OGC
  • CLR XX:类似JVM虚拟机,这里用不上就不做解释了
  • Endpoint端点维度

image-20220726143442538

  • Endpoint Load in Current Service:每个端点的每分钟请求数
  • Slow Endpoints in Current Service:每个端点的最慢请求时间,单位ms
  • Successful Rate in Current Service:每个端点的请求成功率
  • Endpoint Load:当前端点每个时间段的请求数据
  • Endpoint Avg Response Time:当前端点每个时间段的请求行响应时间
  • Endpoint Response Time Percentile:当前端点每个时间段的响应时间占比
  • Endpoint Successful Rate:当前端点每个时间段的请求成功率

界面上的指标可以做一些自定义的调整(更换图表、统计数量等),也可以增加自定义指标(应该是要二开)

image-20220726144718462

拓扑图

image-20220726145249185

点击具体的服务,右侧将显示服务的状态,服务周边出现触点;点击连线,将会显示服务之间的连接情况

image-20220726145812807

追踪

image-20220726151026213

  • 左侧:api接口列表,红色-异常请求,蓝色-正常请求
  • 右侧:api追踪列表,api请求连接各端点的先后顺序和时间
性能剖析

会报错,暂时不知道怎么用

image-20220726151503346

日志

image-20220726151529615

点击可查看具体的日志,同一追踪id表明是同一个请求

image-20220726151649478

告警

对于服务的异常信息,比如接口有较长延迟,skywalking也做出了告警功能,如下图:

image-20220726152033622

skywalking中有一些默认的告警规则,如下:

  • 最近3分钟内服务的平均响应时间超过1秒
  • 最近2分钟服务成功率低于80%
  • 最近3分钟90%服务响应时间超过1秒
  • 最近2分钟内服务实例的平均响应时间超过1秒

当然除了以上四种,随着Skywalking不断迭代也会新增其他规则,这些规则的配置在config/alarm-settings.yml配置文件中

# Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
# or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
# distributed with this work for additional information
# regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
# to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
# "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
# with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
# Sample alarm rules.
rules:
  # Rule unique name, must be ended with `_rule`.
  service_resp_time_rule:
    metrics-name: service_resp_time
    op: ">"
    threshold: 1000
    period: 10
    count: 3
    silence-period: 5
    message: Response time of service {name} is more than 1000ms in 3 minutes of last 10 minutes.
  service_sla_rule:
    # Metrics value need to be long, double or int
    metrics-name: service_sla
    op: "<"
    threshold: 8000
    # The length of time to evaluate the metrics
    period: 10
    # How many times after the metrics match the condition, will trigger alarm
    count: 2
    # How many times of checks, the alarm keeps silence after alarm triggered, default as same as period.
    silence-period: 3
    message: Successful rate of service {name} is lower than 80% in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
  service_resp_time_percentile_rule:
    # Metrics value need to be long, double or int
    metrics-name: service_percentile
    op: ">"
    threshold: 1000,1000,1000,1000,1000
    period: 10
    count: 3
    silence-period: 5
    message: Percentile response time of service {name} alarm in 3 minutes of last 10 minutes, due to more than one condition of p50 > 1000, p75 > 1000, p90 > 1000, p95 > 1000, p99 > 1000
  service_instance_resp_time_rule:
    metrics-name: service_instance_resp_time
    op: ">"
    threshold: 1000
    period: 10
    count: 2
    silence-period: 5
    message: Response time of service instance {name} is more than 1000ms in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
  database_access_resp_time_rule:
    metrics-name: database_access_resp_time
    threshold: 1000
    op: ">"
    period: 10
    count: 2
    message: Response time of database access {name} is more than 1000ms in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
  endpoint_relation_resp_time_rule:
    metrics-name: endpoint_relation_resp_time
    threshold: 1000
    op: ">"
    period: 10
    count: 2
    message: Response time of endpoint relation {name} is more than 1000ms in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes

#  Active endpoint related metrics alarm will cost more memory than service and service instance metrics alarm.
#  Because the number of endpoint is much more than service and instance.
#
#  endpoint_avg_rule:
#    metrics-name: endpoint_avg
#    op: ">"
#    threshold: 1000
#    period: 10
#    count: 2
#    silence-period: 5
#    message: Response time of endpoint {name} is more than 1000ms in 2 minutes of last 10 minutes
webhooks:
#  - http://127.0.0.1/notify/
#  - http://127.0.0.1/go-wechat/

规则中的参数属性解释
Rule name。在告警信息中显示的唯一名称。必须以_rule结尾。规则命名用户自定义

属性含义
metrics-nameoal脚本中的度量名称 ,不能随便定义
threshold阈值,与metrics-name和下面的比较符号相匹配
op比较操作符,可以设定>,<,=
period多久检查一次当前的指标数据是否符合告警规则,单位分钟
count达到多少次后,发送告警消息
silence-period在多久之内,忽略相同的告警消息
message告警消息内容
include-names本规则告警生效的服务列表

metrics-name是oal脚本中的度量名。详细参数可见\config\oal\core.oal文件:

/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
 * contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
 * the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 */

// For services using protocols HTTP 1/2, gRPC, RPC, etc., the cpm metrics means "calls per minute",
// for services that are built on top of TCP, the cpm means "packages per minute".

// All scope metrics
all_percentile = from(All.latency).percentile(10);  // Multiple values including p50, p75, p90, p95, p99
all_heatmap = from(All.latency).histogram(100, 20);

// Service scope metrics
service_resp_time = from(Service.latency).longAvg();
service_sla = from(Service.*).percent(status == true);
service_cpm = from(Service.*).cpm();
service_percentile = from(Service.latency).percentile(10); // Multiple values including p50, p75, p90, p95, p99
service_apdex = from(Service.latency).apdex(name, status);
service_mq_consume_count = from(Service.*).filter(type == RequestType.MQ).count();
service_mq_consume_latency = from((str->long)Service.tag["transmission.latency"]).filter(type == RequestType.MQ).filter(tag["transmission.latency"] != null).longAvg();

// Service relation scope metrics for topology
service_relation_client_cpm = from(ServiceRelation.*).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.CLIENT).cpm();
service_relation_server_cpm = from(ServiceRelation.*).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.SERVER).cpm();
service_relation_client_call_sla = from(ServiceRelation.*).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.CLIENT).percent(status == true);
service_relation_server_call_sla = from(ServiceRelation.*).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.SERVER).percent(status == true);
service_relation_client_resp_time = from(ServiceRelation.latency).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.CLIENT).longAvg();
service_relation_server_resp_time = from(ServiceRelation.latency).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.SERVER).longAvg();
service_relation_client_percentile = from(ServiceRelation.latency).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.CLIENT).percentile(10); // Multiple values including p50, p75, p90, p95, p99
service_relation_server_percentile = from(ServiceRelation.latency).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.SERVER).percentile(10); // Multiple values including p50, p75, p90, p95, p99

// Service Instance relation scope metrics for topology
service_instance_relation_client_cpm = from(ServiceInstanceRelation.*).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.CLIENT).cpm();
service_instance_relation_server_cpm = from(ServiceInstanceRelation.*).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.SERVER).cpm();
service_instance_relation_client_call_sla = from(ServiceInstanceRelation.*).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.CLIENT).percent(status == true);
service_instance_relation_server_call_sla = from(ServiceInstanceRelation.*).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.SERVER).percent(status == true);
service_instance_relation_client_resp_time = from(ServiceInstanceRelation.latency).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.CLIENT).longAvg();
service_instance_relation_server_resp_time = from(ServiceInstanceRelation.latency).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.SERVER).longAvg();
service_instance_relation_client_percentile = from(ServiceInstanceRelation.latency).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.CLIENT).percentile(10); // Multiple values including p50, p75, p90, p95, p99
service_instance_relation_server_percentile = from(ServiceInstanceRelation.latency).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.SERVER).percentile(10); // Multiple values including p50, p75, p90, p95, p99

// Service Instance Scope metrics
service_instance_sla = from(ServiceInstance.*).percent(status == true);
service_instance_resp_time= from(ServiceInstance.latency).longAvg();
service_instance_cpm = from(ServiceInstance.*).cpm();

// Endpoint scope metrics
endpoint_cpm = from(Endpoint.*).cpm();
endpoint_avg = from(Endpoint.latency).longAvg();
endpoint_sla = from(Endpoint.*).percent(status == true);
endpoint_percentile = from(Endpoint.latency).percentile(10); // Multiple values including p50, p75, p90, p95, p99
endpoint_mq_consume_count = from(Endpoint.*).filter(type == RequestType.MQ).count();
endpoint_mq_consume_latency = from((str->long)Endpoint.tag["transmission.latency"]).filter(type == RequestType.MQ).filter(tag["transmission.latency"] != null).longAvg();

// Endpoint relation scope metrics
endpoint_relation_cpm = from(EndpointRelation.*).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.SERVER).cpm();
endpoint_relation_resp_time = from(EndpointRelation.rpcLatency).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.SERVER).longAvg();
endpoint_relation_sla = from(EndpointRelation.*).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.SERVER).percent(status == true);
endpoint_relation_percentile = from(EndpointRelation.rpcLatency).filter(detectPoint == DetectPoint.SERVER).percentile(10); // Multiple values including p50, p75, p90, p95, p99

database_access_resp_time = from(DatabaseAccess.latency).longAvg();
database_access_sla = from(DatabaseAccess.*).percent(status == true);
database_access_cpm = from(DatabaseAccess.*).cpm();
database_access_percentile = from(DatabaseAccess.latency).percentile(10);

如果想要调整默认的规则,比如监控返回的信息,监控的参数等等,只需要改动上述配置文件中的参数即可。

当然除了以上默认的几种规则,skywalking还适配了一些钩子(webhooks)。其实就是相当于一个回调,一旦触发了上述规则告警,skywalking则会调用配置的webhook,这样开发者就可以定制一些处理方法,比如发送邮件微信钉钉通知运维人员处理。

当然这个钩子也是有些规则的,如下:

  • POST请求
  • application/json 接收数据
  • 接收的参数必须是AlarmMessage中指定的参数。

注意:AlarmMessage这个类随着skywalking版本的迭代可能出现不同,一定要到对应版本源码中去找到这个类,拷贝其中的属性。这个类在源码的路径:org.apache.skywalking.oap.server.core.alarm,如下图:

image-20220726153333303

事件

调试

日志对接

在skywalking的UI端有一个日志的模块,用于收集客户端的日志,默认是没有数据的,那么需要如何将日志数据传输到skywalking中呢?

日志框架的种类很多,比较出名的有log4j,logback,log4j2,以springboot默认的logback为例子介绍一下如何配置,官方文档如下:

1、添加依赖

根据官方文档,需要先添加依赖,如下:

<dependency>
   <groupId>org.apache.skywalking</groupId>
   <artifactId>apm-toolkit-logback-1.x</artifactId>
   <version>8.10.0</version>
</dependency>
2、添加配置文件

新建一个logback-spring.xml放在resource目录下,配置如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration scan="true" scanPeriod=" 5 seconds">
    <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.core.encoder.LayoutWrappingEncoder">
            <layout class="org.apache.skywalking.apm.toolkit.log.logback.v1.x.mdc.TraceIdMDCPatternLogbackLayout">
                <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%X{tid}] [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} -%msg%n</Pattern>
            </layout>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <appender name="ASYNC" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
        <queueSize>1024</queueSize>
        <neverBlock>true</neverBlock>
        <appender-ref ref="STDOUT"/>
    </appender>


    <appender name="grpc-log" class="org.apache.skywalking.apm.toolkit.log.logback.v1.x.log.GRPCLogClientAppender">
        <encoder class="ch.qos.logback.core.encoder.LayoutWrappingEncoder">
            <layout class="org.apache.skywalking.apm.toolkit.log.logback.v1.x.mdc.TraceIdMDCPatternLogbackLayout">
                <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%X{tid}] [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} -%msg%n</Pattern>
            </layout>
        </encoder>
    </appender>

    <root level="INFO">
        <appender-ref ref="grpc-log" />
        <appender-ref ref="ASYNC"/>
    </root>
</configuration>

3、接入探针agent
1)下载探针

​ https://archive.apache.org/dist/skywalking/java-agent/

​ 根据Skywalking版本进行下载

2)idea使用探针
  • ​ 配置VM options

image-20220726161507306

-javaagent:D:\Java\plugin\apache-skywalking-java-agent-8.9.0\skywalking-agent\skywalking-agent.jar -Dskywalking.agent.service_name=log-demo-service2 -Dskywalking.collector.backend_service=192.168.0.203:11800
参数说明
-javaagent1)中下载的探针jar包位置
-Dskywalking.agent.service_name在Skywalking中的服务名称,默认值为Your_ApplicationName
-Dskywalking.collector.backend_serviceSkywalking地址,默认值为127.0.0.1:11800
如果在本地起的Skywalking,则没必要配置此参数
  • ​ 启动程序

    会发现Skywalking里已经有了日志,与idea控制台的日志一致。

    image-20220726161710562

    image-20220726161740399

  • ​ 调用接口

    image-20220726161929619

image-20220726162255978

3)jar包使用探针

​ 与idea一样,启动时配置VM options即可

java -javaagent:D:\Java\plugin\apache-skywalking-java-agent-8.9.0\skywalking-agent\skywalking-agent.jar -Dskywalking.agent.service_name=log-demo-service2 -Dskywalking.collector.backend_service=192.168.0.203:11800 -jar app.jar
4)docker使用探针

​ 其实原理都一样,配置探针包的地址、配置skywalking服务端地址、配置服务名称。

​ 有几种方式:

​ 1、将外部的agent包,挂载到docker容器中,然后指定vm参数

​ 2、构建docker时,把agent包打进docker镜像里,dockerfile修改enrtypoint,添加-javaagent参数

​ 3、将agent包打到基础镜像里,dockerfile直接引用这个基础镜像

​ 我采用第三种方式,而且这个基础镜像其实官方是有发布的,直接引用即可,但是只有几个版本,如果你的程序对jdk有要求,还是要采用其他方案,或者自己构建一个基础镜像。

​ 在docker仓库里选择对应版本即可,镜像地址:https://hub.docker.com/r/apache/skywalking-java-agent,这个仓库是apache自己的,但是概述里有说明,这个不是ASF( Apache 软件基金会Apache Software Foundation)的官方版本

image-20220726164013285

把这个替换到dockerfile中的FROM即可

FROM apache/skywalking-java-agent:8.9.0-java8
..

这个镜像自带探针包,无需指定探针包地址,那么其他两个参数怎么配置呢?

我是在docker-compose文件中配置了环境变量SW_AGENT_NAME与SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES

version: '2'
services:
  log-demo-service1:
    image: log-service1:0.0.1-SKYWALKING
    container_name: log-demo-service-skywalking1
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "8090:8090"
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      SW_AGENT_NAME: log-demo-service1
      SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES: 192.168.0.203:11800
  log-demo-service2:
    image: log-service2:0.0.1-SKYWALKING
    container_name: log-demo-service-skywalking2
    restart: always
    ports:
      - "8091:8091"
    environment:
      TZ: Asia/Shanghai
      SW_AGENT_NAME: log-demo-service2
      SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES: 192.168.0.203:11800
  

这两个变量是取自探针的配置文件/agent/config/agent.config

agent.service_name=${SW_AGENT_NAME:Your_ApplicationName}
collector.backend_service=${SW_AGENT_COLLECTOR_BACKEND_SERVICES:127.0.0.1:11800}

其实就对应着2)和3)中配置的VM options的-Dskywalking.agent.service_name和-Dskywalking.collector.backend_service,所以2)和3)中配置环境变量也是可以的。

启动docker-compose,会发现比idea中多了一行,就是这个基础镜像自带的配置,定义了一个JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS,在这个变量里指定了agent包的位置。

image-20220726165456923

参考:

SkyWalking UI指标使用说明(3)

SkyWalking之告警

SkyWalking解决分布式链路追踪,真香!

skywalking指南—agent日志采集和插件

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