六、Linux系统编程：读写锁

5 读写锁

读写锁（ReentrantReadWriteLock）就是读线程和读线程之间不互斥。
读读不互斥，读写互斥，写写互斥

一个资源可以被多个读线程访问，也可以被一个写线程访问，但不能同时存在读写线程，读写互斥，读读共享

5.1 锁操作

int fcntl(int fd, int cmd, struct flock *lock)

• 参数

参数	含义
fd	文件描述符
cmd	命令。F_GETLK：获取锁；F_SETLK：设置锁；F_SETLKW：设置阻塞锁。
struct flock	锁信息

• 锁信息

参数	含义
l_type	F_RDLCK：读取锁(共享锁)；F_WRLCK：写入锁(排斥锁)；F_UNLCK：解锁
l_whence	SEEK_SET：以文件开头为锁定的起始位置；SEEK_CUR：以目前文件读写位置为锁定的起始位置；SEEK_END：以文件结尾为锁定的起始位置
l_start	相对l_whence位置的偏移量
l_len	锁定区域的长度。0表示到整个文件的结束
l_pid	当前占用锁的PID，只对F_GETLK命令有效

• 返回值

返回值	含义
-1	失败
0	SET相关命令成功

• 给指定文件添加读锁

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
    if(2!=argc){
        printf("usage:%s <pathname>\n",argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    int fd = open(argv[1],O_RDONLY);
    if(-1 == fd){
        perror("open error");
        return 1;
    }
    struct flock lock;
    lock.l_type = F_RDLCK;
    lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
    lock.l_start = 0;
    lock.l_len = 0; 
    if(-1 == fcntl(fd,F_SETLK,&lock)){
        perror("fcntl error");
        return 1;
    }
    pause();
    close(fd);
}

• 查看当前锁的状态

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
 
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
    if(2!=argc){
        printf("usage:%s <pathname>\n",argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    int fd = open(argv[1],O_RDWR);
    if(-1 == fd){
        perror("open error");
        return 1;
    }
    struct flock lock;
    bzero(&lock,sizeof(lock));
    if(-1 == fcntl(fd,F_GETLK,&lock)){
        perror("fcntl error");
        return 1;
    }
    printf("file:%s,lock type:%d,start:%d,len:%d,by %d\n",argv[1],lock.l_type,lock.l_start,lock.l_len,lock.l_pid);
 
}

• 给指定文件添加写锁

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
int fd;
 
void handler(int sig){
    struct flock lock;
    lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
    lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
    lock.l_start = 0;
    lock.l_len = 0; 
    if(-1 == fcntl(fd,F_SETLKW,&lock)){
        perror("fcntl error");
        exit(1);
    }
}
 
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
    signal(SIGUSR1,handler);
    int c,start = 0,len = 0;
    while((c = getopt(argc,argv,"s:l:"))!=-1){
        switch(c){
        case 's':
            start = atoi(optarg);
            break;
        case 'l':
            len = atoi(optarg);
            break;
        }
    }
 
    if(optind != argc -1){
        printf("usage:%s [-s <start>] [-l <len>] <pathname>\n",argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    fd = open(argv[optind],O_WRONLY);
    if(-1 == fd){
        perror("open error");
        return 1;
    }
    struct flock lock;
    lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
    lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
    lock.l_start = start;
    lock.l_len = len; 
    if(-1 == fcntl(fd,F_SETLKW,&lock)){
        perror("fcntl error");
        return 1;
    }
    pause();
    for(;;);
    close(fd);
}

• 给指定文件解锁

// 本程序不能解锁，因为只有加锁进程才能执行解锁操作
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
 
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
    if(2!=argc){
        printf("usage:%s <pathname>\n",argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    int fd = open(argv[1],O_WRONLY);
    if(-1 == fd){
        perror("open error");
        return 1;
    }
    struct flock lock;
    lock.l_type = F_UNLCK;
    lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
    lock.l_start = 0;
    lock.l_len = 0; 
    if(-1 == fcntl(fd,F_SETLKW,&lock)){
        perror("fcntl error");
        return 1;
    }
    pause();
    close(fd);
}

5.2 死锁

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
void lock(const char* pathname){
 
    int fd = open(pathname,O_WRONLY);
    if(-1 == fd){
        perror("open error");
        exit(1);
    }
    struct flock lock;
    lock.l_type = F_WRLCK;
    lock.l_whence = SEEK_SET;
    lock.l_start = 0;
    lock.l_len = 0; 
    if(-1 == fcntl(fd,F_SETLKW,&lock)){
        perror("fcntl error");
        exit(1);
    }
    //close(fd);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[]){
    if(3!=argc){
        printf("usage:%s <pathname1> <pathname2>\n",argv[0]);
        return 1;
    }
    printf("PID:%d lock file %s\n",getpid(),argv[1]);
    lock(argv[1]);
    printf("sleep 1s\n");
    sleep(1);
    printf("PID:%d lock file %s\n",getpid(),argv[2]);
    lock(argv[2]);
    pause();
}