python学习之while语句，字符串，列表最直白介绍

一、while 语句

while 表达式：
    语句
逻辑：当程序执行到while语句时，首先计算“表达式”的值，如果“表达式”的值为假，
那么结束整个while语句，如果“表达式”的值为真，则执行“语句”，执行完“语句”，
再去计算“表达式”的值，如果“表达式”的值为假，那么结束整个while语句，
如果“表达式”的值为真，则执行“语句”，执行完“语句”，再去计算“表达式”的值，
如此循环直到表达式的值为假，结束循环

while age<18:
    print("未成年，今年{}岁了".format(age))
    age += 1

二、字符串

通俗的说以单引号或者双引号引起来的任意文本都是字符串 如：'abc' "def" "123"

#创建字符串
str1 = "TA is a good man!"

#字符串连接
str2 = "TA is a "
str3 = "good man"
str4 = str2 + str3
print("str2 = ",str2)
print("str3 = ",str3)
print("str4 =",str4)
#输出重复字符串
str5 = "good "
str6 = str5*3
print("str6 = ",str6)
#访问字符串中的某一个字符
#通过索引下标查找字符，索引从0开始
#格式:字符串名[下标]
str7 = "sunck is a handsome man!"
print("str7[1] =",str7[1])

str6 =  sunck is a 
str7 =  good man
str8 = sunck is a good man
str6 =  good good good 
str7[1] = u

str8 = "TA is a good man!"
#从给定下标出开始截取到给定下标之前
str9 = str8[6:15]
#从头截取到给定下标之前（从开始截取或者截取到最后一个下标处，开头的0和末尾的下标可不写）
str10 = str8[0:5]
#从给定下标处开始截取到结尾
str11 = str8[16:]
print("str9 = ",str9)
print("str10 = ",str10)
print("str11 = ",str11)

str9 =  is a good
str10 =  TA
str11 =  man!

#一个单词是否在字符串中,在字符串中返回True,不在字符串中返回False
str12 = "TA is a good man!"
print("good"in str12)
print("good"not in str12)

True
False

#len(str)
#返回字符串的长度(字符个数)
print(len("TA is a good man"))

#lower(str)转换字符串中的大写字母为小写字母
str13 = "TA is a Good Man"
str14 = str13.lower()
print("str14 =",str14)
print("str13 =%s"%(str13))

#upper()转换字符串中的小写字母为大写字母
str15 = "TA is A Good Man"
print(str15.upper())

#swapcase()大写变小写，小写变大写
str16 = "TA iS A Good Man"
print(str16.swapcase())
#capitalize()首字母大写，其余小写
str17 = "Sunck is A Good Man"
print(str17.capitalize())

#每个单词的首字母大写
str18 = "Sunck is A Good Man"
print("str18 =",str18.title())

16
str14 = ta is a good man
str13 =TA is a Good Man
TA IS A GOOD MAN
ta Is a gOOD mAN
Ta is a good man
str18 = Ta Is A Good Man

num = 10
str19 = "TA is a good man!"
f = 1.02345
f = 10.1234
print("num =",num)
print("num =%d,str19 = %s,f = %f,f = %.3f"%(num,str19,f,f))

num = 10
num =10,str19 = TA is a good man!,f = 10.123400,f = 10.123

#%d占位符,小数是%f占位，默认小数点后六位,%.3f表示精确到小数点后3位且会四舍五入
print("num =%d\nstr19 = %s\nf = %f\nf = %.3f"%(num,str19,f,f))
#\n转义字符换行，且只表示一个字符

num =10
str19 = TA is a good man!
f = 10.123400
f = 10.123

#将一些字符转成有特殊含义的字符
#  \n 换行 （\ 转义字符）
#\\n 前一个\把后面得\n转义成普通字符，所以在这里前一个\才是转义字符
print("TA \n is\ a \good\ man!")
print("TA \\n is\ a \good\ man!")

TA 
 is\ a \good\ man!
TA \n is\ a \good\ man!

#\'' "" 转义单引号 双引号
print('Tom is a \'good\'man')
print('Tom is a \"good\"man')

Tom is a 'good'man
Tom is a "good"man

#如果字符串内有很多换行，写在一行不好阅读,用\n换行或者用第二种写法
print("TA\nis\na\ngood\nman")
print('''TA is a good  man!
TA is a nice  man!
TA is a handsome  man!
''')

TA
is
a
good
man
TA is a good  man!
TA is a nice  man!
TA is a handsome  man!

#\t 制表符 代表四个空格
print("TA\tgood")
#如果字符中有很多字符串都需要转义，就需要加入好多\，为了简化，python允许用r表示内部的字符串默认不转义
print(r"\\\t\\")

TA	good
\\\t\\

三、列表

#格式：列表名 = [列表选项1，列表选项2，列表选项3，......，列表选项n]
#创建一个空列表
#注意不要越界(下标超出了可表示的范围)
list1 = []

#创建带有元素的列表
list2 =[18,19,20,21,22]
print(list2)

[18, 19, 20, 21, 22]

#列表元素的访问
#取值
#格式：列表名[索引]
list4 = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("list4[2] = ",list4[2])

list4[2] =  3

#替换
list4[2] = 300
print(list4)

list4 =  [1, 2, 300, 4, 5]

#列表操作
list5 = [1,2,3]
list6 = [4,5,6]
list7 = list5+list6
print(list7)

#列表的重复
list8 = [1,2,3]
print(list8*3)

#判断元素是否在列表中
list9 = [1,2,3,4,5]
print(3 in list9)

#列表截取
list10 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
print(list10[2:6])
print(list10[3:])
print(list10[:5])

#二维列表
list11 = [[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
print(list11[1][1])

#列表方法

#append在列表中末尾添加新的元素
list12 = [1,2,3,4,5]
list12.append(6)
list12.append([7,8,9])
print(list12)

#extend在末尾一次性追加另一个列表中的多个值
list13 = [1,2,3,4,5]
list13.extend([6,7,8])
print(list13)

#在下标出添加一个元素，不覆盖原数据，原数据向后顺延
list14 = [1,2,3,4,5]
list14.insert(1,100)
list14.insert(1,[100,200])
print(list14)

#pop(x) = list[-1]
#移除列表中指定下标处的元素，默认移除最后一个元素,并返回删除的数据
list15 = [1,2,3,4,5]
list15.pop(2)
print(list15.pop(2))
print(list15)

#remove()移除列表中的某个元素，第一个匹配的结果
list16 = [1,2,3,4,5,4,5]
list16.remove(4)
print(list16)

#clear()清除列表中所有数据
list17 = [1,2,3,4,5]
list17.clear()
print(list17)

#从列表中找到某个值第一个匹配的索引值
list18 = [1,2,3,4,5,3,4,5]
index18 = list18.index(3)
#圈定范围
index19 = list18.index(3,4,7)
print(index18,index19)


#列表中元素个数
list20 = [1,2,3,4,5]
print(len(list20))

#获取列表中的最大值
list21 = [1,2,3,4,5]
print(max(list21))

#获取列表中的最小值
list22 = [1,2,3,4,5]
print(min(list22))

#查看元素在列表中出现的次数
list23 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6,8,6]
print(list23.count(6))

#删除列表中的某个元素
list23 = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,6,8,6]
num = 0
all = list23.count(6)
while num < all:
    list23.remove(6)
    num +=1
print("list23 = ",list23)

list23 =  [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8]