SpringBoot集成Sharding-jdbc(水平分表)
1.Sharding-jdbc的应用场景
其实就是针对分库分表后的操作简化,相当于增强版的JDBC
驱动
框架:
执行步骤:
- 解析
SQL
,获取片键值,在本文中设置的片键值是order_id
Sharding-JDBC
通过规则配置t_order_$->{order_id % 2+1}
,可知当order_id
为偶数时,应该往t_order_1
表中插数据,为奇数时,往t_order_2
表中插入数据- 那么
Sharding-JDBC
根据order_id
的值改写SQL
语句,改写后的SQL
语句是真实要执行的SQL
语句 - 接着,执行改写后的真实
SQL
语句 - 最后将所有真正执行的
SQL
结果进行合并汇总,返回
从上面的执行过程可知,只需要配置好片键值,Sharding-JDBC
自动帮你根据规则请求表,极大了简化了开发
2.实际使用
2.0 项目层级
2.1 导入依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.test.sharding</groupId>
<artifactId>Sharding-JDBC-Test</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>Sharding-JDBC-Test</name>
<description>Sharding-JDBC-Test</description>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
<spring-boot.version>2.4.2</spring-boot.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>8.0.28</version>
</dependency>
<!--druid-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.2.8</version>
</dependency>
<!--sharding-jdbc-->
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.shardingsphere/sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.shardingsphere</groupId>
<artifactId>sharding-jdbc-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0-RC1</version>
</dependency>
<!--mybatis分页依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
<artifactId>pagehelper-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
<version>1.4.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-impl</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jaxb</groupId>
<artifactId>jaxb-runtime</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<configuration>
<source>1.8</source>
<target>1.8</target>
<encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
</configuration>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<version>${spring-boot.version}</version>
<configuration>
<mainClass>com.test.sharding.ShardingJdbcTestApplication</mainClass>
<skip>true</skip>
</configuration>
<executions>
<execution>
<id>repackage</id>
<goals>
<goal>repackage</goal>
</goals>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
这里需要特别注意SpringBoot、Sharding-jdbc
和mybatis
的版本,之前我使用的是最新的SpringBoot3.24
版本,而Sharding-jdbc
无论用啥版本都报错,显示无法找到url
,驱动类
。然后如果mybatis
版本比较低的话,就会导致使用@Autowired
无法自动注入,找不到对应的Bean
。
因此,最好的解决方式就是使用SpringBoot
的2.x
版本,Jdk1.8
即可。
2.2 application.yml配置
server:
port: 8080
mybatis:
#mapper文件存放位置
mapper-locations: classpath:/mapper/*.xml
# 实体类的存放地址
type-aliases-package: com.test.sharding.domain.pojo
configuration:
# 是否开启驼峰 Ming == m_ing
map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
spring:
main:
allow-bean-definition-overriding: true
application:
name: sharding-jdbc-test
shardingsphere:
props:
sql:
show: true
datasource:
names: db1
db1:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
#mysql驱动
driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/sharding-jdbc-test?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8&useSSL=false
username: root
password: root
sharding:
tables:
#scs_product可以任意命名,sql中一致,为了方便理解,这里一般写分表共有的
# 比如我的scs_product_1 和 scs_product_2 那就写scs_product好区分
# 当执行sql中出现scs_product,sharding-jdbc会将其操作到对应的表
scs_product:
actual-data-nodes: db1.scs_product_$->{1..2}
# 指定主键生成策略为雪花id,全局主键
key-generator:
column: PRODUCT_ID
type: SNOWFLAKE
#指定scs_product表的分片策略, 分片键和分片算法 用于计算真正的表名
table-strategy:
inline:
# 偶数进到scs_product_1 奇数进到scs_product_2
# 对于根据分片字段为条件的,会先判断是否涉及两张表,
# 如何是两张表则会两个表都查,如果只涉及单表,则只查询一张表。
algorithm-expression: scs_product_$->{PRODUCT_ID % 2 + 1}
# 指定分片键为PRODUCT_ID
sharding-column: PRODUCT_ID
2.3 dao层
ShardingMapper.java
@Mapper
public interface ShardingMapper {
void insertProduct(@Param("scsProduct") ScsProduct scsProduct);
List<ScsProduct> selectProduct();
//根据id列表查询商品
List<ScsProduct> selectProductByIds(@Param("ids") List<Long> ids);
}
2.4 对应的mybatis的xml文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.test.sharding.dao.ShardingMapper">
<resultMap id="BaseResultMap" type="com.test.sharding.domain.pojo.ScsProduct">
<!--@mbg.generated-->
<id column="PRODUCT_ID" jdbcType="BIGINT" property="productId" />
<result column="PRODUCT_CODE" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="productCode" />
<result column="PRODUCT_NAME" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="productName" />
<result column="PRODUCT_AMOUNT" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="productAmount" />
</resultMap>
<insert id="insertProduct" parameterType="com.test.sharding.domain.pojo.ScsProduct">
insert into scs_product (PRODUCT_CODE, PRODUCT_NAME, PRODUCT_AMOUNT)
values (#{scsProduct.productCode, jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{scsProduct.productName, jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{scsProduct.productAmount, jdbcType=INTEGER})
</insert>
<select id="selectProduct" resultMap="BaseResultMap">
select PRODUCT_ID, PRODUCT_CODE, PRODUCT_NAME, PRODUCT_AMOUNT
from scs_product
<!-- where PRODUCT_CODE = 'SHARDING-JDBC166' --><!--此时的真是查询sql是两个表都查-->
<!-- PRODUCT_ID in (979716175636201483,979716175636201481) 因为都是奇数,则只查询 scs_product_2-->
<!-- PRODUCT_ID = 979716175636201483 此时会触发分片机制,根据主键字段分片查询对应的表 scs_product_2-->
<!-- PRODUCT_ID in (979716175636201483,979716175636201481,979716185538953216,979716184402296836)-->
<!-- order by PRODUCT_AMOUNT desc-->
<!-- 对于根据分片字段为条件的,会先判断是否涉及两张表,如何是两张表则会两个表都查,如果只涉及单表,则只查询一张表-->
</select>
<select id="selectProductByIds" resultMap="BaseResultMap" resultType="com.test.sharding.domain.pojo.ScsProduct">
select PRODUCT_ID, PRODUCT_CODE, PRODUCT_NAME, PRODUCT_AMOUNT
from scs_product
where PRODUCT_ID in
<foreach collection="ids" item="item" index="index" open="(" separator="," close=")">
#{item}
</foreach>
</select>
</mapper>
2.5 Service层
ShardingService.java
public interface ShardingService {
void insertProduct(ScsProduct scsProduct);
List<ScsProduct> queryProduct();
PageInfo<ScsProduct> queryProductPage();
List<ScsProduct> queryProductByIds(List<Long> ids);
}
ShardingServiceImpl.java
@Service
public class ShardingServiceImpl implements ShardingService {
@Resource
private ShardingMapper shardingMapper;
@Override
@Async(value = "taskThread")
// @Transactional(rollbackFor = {TRANSACTION_REQUIRED.class})
public void insertProduct(ScsProduct scsProduct) {
scsProduct.setProductName("小商品系列-sharding-jdbc"+Thread.currentThread().getName());
shardingMapper.insertProduct(scsProduct);
}
@Override
public List<ScsProduct> queryProduct() {
return shardingMapper.selectProduct();
}
@Override
public PageInfo<ScsProduct> queryProductPage() {
Integer pageIndex = 1;
Integer pageSize = 15;
PageHelper.startPage(pageIndex,pageSize);
List<ScsProduct> scsProductList = shardingMapper.selectProduct();
return new PageInfo<>(scsProductList);
}
@Override
public List<ScsProduct> queryProductByIds(List<Long> ids) {
return shardingMapper.selectProductByIds(ids);
}
}
2.6 pojo
package com.test.sharding.domain.pojo;
import lombok.Data;
import java.math.BigInteger;
@Data
public class ScsProduct {
/**
* 商品主键id
*/
private Long productId;
/**
* 商品编码
*/
private String productCode;
/**
* 商品名称
*/
private String productName;
/**
* 商品库存
*/
private Integer productAmount;
}
2.7 controller
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/shardingJdbcController")
@Slf4j
public class ShardingJdbcController {
@Resource
private ShardingService shardingService;
@PostMapping("/insertProduct")
@CrossOrigin
public String insertProduct(){
ScsProduct scsProduct = new ScsProduct();
for(int i = 1 ; i < 10 ; i++){
scsProduct.setProductAmount(i);
scsProduct.setProductCode("SHARDING-JDBC"+i);
shardingService.insertProduct(scsProduct);
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
return "插入成功!";
}
@PostMapping("/queryProduct")
@CrossOrigin
public List<ScsProduct> queryProduct(){
return shardingService.queryProduct();
}
@PostMapping("/queryProductPage")
@CrossOrigin
public PageInfo<ScsProduct> queryProductPage(){
return shardingService.queryProductPage();
}
}
2.8 多线程配置
@Configuration
@EnableAsync
public class ThreadPoolConfig {
@Bean(value = "taskThread")
public ThreadPoolTaskExecutor taskThread(){
ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor();
executor.setCorePoolSize(12);
executor.setMaxPoolSize(100);
executor.setQueueCapacity(100);
executor.setThreadNamePrefix("taskExecutor-product");
// executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(1000);
executor.initialize();
return executor;
}
}