首先了解下Iris鸢尾花数据集:
Iris数据集(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iris_flower_data_set)是常用的分类实验数据集,由Fisher,1936收集整理。Iris也称鸢尾花卉数据集,是一类多重变量分析的数据集。数据集包含150个数据集,分为3类,每类50个数据,每个数据包含4个属性。可通过花萼长度,花萼宽度,花瓣长度,花瓣宽度4个属性预测鸢尾花卉属于(Setosa,Versicolour,Virginica)三个种类中的哪一类。
iris以鸢尾花的特征作为数据来源,常用在分类操作中。该数据集由3种不同类型的鸢尾花的50个样本数据构成。其中的一个种类与另外两个种类是线性可分离的,后两个种类是非线性可分离的。
该数据集包含了4个属性:
Sepal.Length(花萼长度),单位是cm;
Sepal.Width(花萼宽度),单位是cm;
Petal.Length(花瓣长度),单位是cm;
Petal.Width(花瓣宽度),单位是cm;
种类:Iris Setosa(1.山鸢尾)、Iris Versicolour(2.杂色鸢尾),以及Iris Virginica(3.维吉尼亚鸢尾)。
Python源码:
from __future__ import division
import math
import random
import pandas as pd
flowerLables = {0: 'Iris-setosa',
1: 'Iris-versicolor',
2: 'Iris-virginica'}
random.seed(0)
# 生成区间[a, b)内的随机数
def rand(a, b):
return (b - a) * random.random() + a
# 生成大小 I*J 的矩阵,默认零矩阵
def makeMatrix(I, J, fill=0.0):
m = []
for i in range(I):
m.append([fill] * J)
return m
# 函数 sigmoid
def sigmoid(x):
return 1.0 / (1.0 + math.exp(-x))
# 函数 sigmoid 的导数
def dsigmoid(x):
return x * (1 - x)
class NN:
""" 三层反向传播神经网络 """
def __init__(self, ni, nh, no):
# 输入层、隐藏层、输出层的节点(数)
self.ni = ni + 1 # 增加一个偏差节点
self.nh = nh + 1
self.no = no
# 激活神经网络的所有节点(向量)
self.ai = [1.0] * self.ni
self.ah = [1.0] * self.nh
self.ao = [1.0] * self.no
# 建立权重(矩阵)
self.wi = makeMatrix(self.ni, self.nh)
self.wo = makeMatrix(self.nh, self.no)
# 设为随机值
for i in range(self.ni):
for j in range(self.nh):
self.wi[i][j] = rand(-0.2, 0.2)
for j in range(self.nh):
for k in range(self.no):
self.wo[j][k] = rand(-2, 2)
def update(self, inputs):
if len(inputs) != self.ni - 1:
raise ValueError('与输入层节点数不符!')
# 激活输入层
for i in range(self.ni - 1):
self.ai[i] = inputs[i]
# 激活隐藏层
for j in range(self.nh):
sum = 0.0
for i in range(self.ni):
sum = sum + self.ai[i] * self.wi[i][j]
self.ah[j] = sigmoid(sum)
# 激活输出层
for k in range(self.no):
sum = 0.0
for j in range(self.nh):
sum = sum + self.ah[j] * self.wo[j][k]
self.ao[k] = sigmoid(sum)
return self.ao[:]
def backPropagate(self, targets, lr):
""" 反向传播 """
# 计算输出层的误差
output_deltas = [0.0] * self.no
for k in range(self.no):
error = targets[k] - self.ao[k]
output_deltas[k] = dsigmoid(self.ao[k]) * error
# 计算隐藏层的误差
hidden_deltas = [0.0] * self.nh
for j in range(self.nh):
error = 0.0
for k in range(self.no):
error = error + output_deltas[k] * self.wo[j][k]
hidden_deltas[j] = dsigmoid(self.ah[j]) * error
# 更新输出层权重
for j in range(self.nh):
for k in range(self.no):
change = output_deltas[k] * self.ah[j]
self.wo[j][k] = self.wo[j][k] + lr * change
# 更新输入层权重
for i in range(self.ni):
for j in range(self.nh):
change = hidden_deltas[j] * self.ai[i]
self.wi[i][j] = self.wi[i][j] + lr * change
# 计算误差
error = 0.0
error += 0.5 * (targets[k] - self.ao[k]) ** 2
return error
def test(self, patterns):
count = 0
for p in patterns:
target = flowerLables[(p[1].index(1))]
result = self.update(p[0])
index = result.index(max(result))
print(p[0], ':', target, '->', flowerLables[index])
count += (target == flowerLables[index])
accuracy = float(count / len(patterns))
print('accuracy: %-.9f' % accuracy)
def weights(self):
print('输入层权重:')
for i in range(self.ni):
print(self.wi[i])
print()
print('输出层权重:')
for j in range(self.nh):
print(self.wo[j])
def train(self, patterns, iterations=1000, lr=0.1):
# lr: 学习速率(learning rate)
for i in range(iterations):
error = 0.0
for p in patterns:
inputs = p[0]
targets = p[1]
self.update(inputs)
error = error + self.backPropagate(targets, lr)
if i % 100 == 0:
print('error: %-.9f' % error)
def iris():
data = []
# 读取数据
raw = pd.read_csv('iris.csv')
raw_data = raw.values
raw_feature = raw_data[0:, 0:4]
for i in range(len(raw_feature)):
ele = []
ele.append(list(raw_feature[i]))
if raw_data[i][4] == 'Iris-setosa':
ele.append([1, 0, 0])
elif raw_data[i][4] == 'Iris-versicolor':
ele.append([0, 1, 0])
else:
ele.append([0, 0, 1])
data.append(ele)
# 随机排列数据
random.shuffle(data)
training = data[0:100]
test = data[101:]
nn = NN(4, 7, 3)
nn.train(training, iterations=10000)
nn.test(test)
if __name__ == '__main__':
iris()