原型模式，浅拷贝，深拷贝

原型模式

1. 原型模式(Prototype模式)是指:用原型实例指定创建对象的种类，并且通过拷贝这些原型，创建新的对象
2. 原型模式是一种创建型设计模式，允许一个对象再创建另外一个可定制的对象，无需知道如何创建的细节
3. 工作原理是:通过将一个原型对象传给那个要发动创建的对象，这个要发动创建的对象通过请求原型对象拷贝它
   们自己来实施创建，即对象.clone()
4. 形象的理解:孙大圣拔出猴毛，变出其它孙大圣

浅拷贝：

Person类

package copy;

public class Person implements Cloneable{
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private Adddress address;
	
	
	public Person(int id, String name, Address address) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.name = name;
		this.address = address;
	}
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	public Address getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(Adddress address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", address=" + address + "]";
	}
	@Override
	protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
		Person person = null;
		person = (Person)super.clone();
		return person;
	}
	
	
	
}

Address 地址类

package copy;

/**
 * @author 韩俊涛
 *
 */
public class Address {
	private int id;
	private String address;
	
	public Address(int id, String address) {
		super();
		this.id = id;
		this.address = address;
	}
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "Adddress [id=" + id + ", address=" + address + "]";
	}
	
	
}

测试类

package copy;

public class Test {

	public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
		Person p = new Person(1, "小明",new Adddress(1, "北京"));
		Person p1 = (Person)p.clone();
		System.out.println(p);
		System.out.println(p1);
		System.out.println(p.getAddress().hashCode());
		System.out.println(p1.getAddress().hashCode());
	}

}

测试结果

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Person [id=1, name=小明, address=Address [id=1, address=北京]]
Person [id=1, name=小明, address=Address [id=1, address=北京]]
getAddress.hashCode:366712642
getAddress.hashCode:366712642
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

通过重写clone()方法，并实现cloneable标识接口可实现浅拷贝，但从测试结果来看，浅拷贝拷贝的类的引用类型Address的数据的hashCode值相同，所以浅拷贝只能用于基本数据类型（String）

深拷贝

1. 复制对象的所有基本数据类型的成员变量值
2. 为所有引用数据类型的成员变量申请存储空间，并复制每个引用数据类型成员变量所引用的对象，直到该对>象可达的所有对象。也就是说，对象进行深拷贝要对整个对象(包括对象的引用类型)进行拷贝
   
   
3. 深拷贝实现方式1:重写clone方法来实现深拷贝
4. 深拷贝实现方式2:通过对象序列化实现深拷贝(推荐)

重写clone方法来实现深拷贝

1. 对要拷贝的类实现Cloneable标识接口，重写clone方法
2. 对该类的所有引用数据类型数据（除了String)实现Cloneable标识接口，重写clone方法
3. 在该类的clone方法中单独处理引用数据类型的数据

public class Person implements Cloneable{
	private int id;
	private String name;
	private Address address;
	
//此处省略get,set

	@Override
	protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
		Person person = null;
		person = (Person)super.clone();
		//对引用数据类型单独处理
		person.address = (Address)address.clone();
		return person;
	}
}

public final class Address implements Cloneable{
	private int id;
	private String address;
	
//此处省略get,set	

	@Override
	protected Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException {
		return super.clone();
	}
}

测试结果

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Person [id=1, name=小明, address=Address [id=1, address=北京]]
Person [id=1, name=小明, address=Address [id=1, address=北京]]
getAddress.hashCode:366712642
getAddress.hashCode:1829164700
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

通过对象序列化实现深拷贝(推荐)

注意，引用数据类型的类也要实现Serializable接口

public Object deepClone(){
		ByteArrayOutputStream bos = null;
		ObjectOutputStream oos = null;
		ByteArrayInputStream bis = null;
		ObjectInputStream ois = null;
		Person person = null;
		try {
			//序列化
			bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
			oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bos);
			oos.writeObject(this);
			
			//反序列化
			bis = new ByteArrayInputStream(bos.toByteArray());
			ois = new ObjectInputStream(bis);
			person = (Person)ois.readObject();
			
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return person;
	}
	

测试结果

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Person [id=1, name=小明, address=Address [id=1, address=北京]]
Person [id=1, name=小明, address=Address [id=1, address=北京]]
getAddress.hashCode:1028566121
getAddress.hashCode:990368553
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++