SpringBoot（七）——教你整合并使用JPA

在本篇文章，将手把手带着大家学会使用SpringBoot整合JPA，其实这都很简单。下边就列举出两种整合方法

第一种方式

导入如下依赖

 <!--spring data jpa-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
            <version>1.8.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
            <version>4.3.6.Final</version>
        </dependency>

编写实体类

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

/**
 * 雇员:  先开发实体类===>自动生成数据表
 */
@Entity
public class Employee {

    private Integer id;

    private String name;

    private Integer age;
    //主键自增
    @GeneratedValue
    @Id
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    @Column(length = 20)
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

编写映射接口，需要注意的是不一定非要@RespositoryDefinition注解，也可以直接继承Repository或者是JapRepository（相比于Repository有分页功能），并且传入实体类和主键的类型。

//可以使用此注解声明实体类，并且在后边指定主键的类型
@RepositoryDefinition(domainClass = Employee.class, idClass = Integer.class)
public interface EmployeeRepository { //extends Repository<Employee,Integer>{
    //使用JPA模板——————————————————————————————————————
    public Employee findByName(String name);

    // where name like ?% and age <?
    public List<Employee> findByNameStartingWithAndAgeLessThan(String name, Integer age);

    // where name like %? and age <?
    public List<Employee> findByNameEndingWithAndAgeLessThan(String name, Integer age);

    // where name in (?,?....) or age <?
    public List<Employee> findByNameInOrAgeLessThan(List<String> names, Integer age);

    // where name in (?,?....) and age <?
    public List<Employee> findByNameInAndAgeLessThan(List<String> names, Integer age);

     //自定义————————————————————————————————————————
    @Query("select o from Employee o where id=(select max(id) from Employee t1)")
    public Employee getEmployeeByMaxId();

    @Query("select o from Employee o where o.name=?1 and o.age=?2")
    public List<Employee> queryParams1(String name, Integer age);

    @Query("select o from Employee o where o.name=:name and o.age=:age")
    public List<Employee> queryParams2(@Param("name")String name, @Param("age")Integer age);

    @Query("select o from Employee o where o.name like %?1%")
    public List<Employee> queryLike1(String name);

    @Query("select o from Employee o where o.name like %:name%")
    public List<Employee> queryLike2(@Param("name")String name);

    @Query(nativeQuery = true, value = "select count(1) from employee")
    public long getCount();

    @Modifying
    @Query("update Employee o set o.age = :age where o.id = :id")
    public void update(@Param("id")Integer id, @Param("age")Integer age);

}

配置文件

spring:  
 jpa:
    hibernate:
#     更新或者创建数据表结构，如果没有就创建，有的话就更新
      ddl-auto: update
#    控制台显示SQL
    show-sql: true

在测试类中进行测试（先要给数据库里添加几条记录）

public class EmployeeRepositoryTest {

    private ApplicationContext ctx = null;
    private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository = null;

     //测试类中的前置通知
    @Before
    public void setup() {
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-new.xml");
        employeeRepository = ctx.getBean(EmployeeRepository.class);
        System.out.println("setup");
    }
    //测试类中的后置通知
    @After
    public void tearDown() {
        ctx = null;
        System.out.println("Done");
    }
   
    @Test
    public void testFindByName() {
        System.out.println(employeeRepository);
        Employee employee = employeeRepository.findByName("zhangsan");
        System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId()
                + " , name:" + employee.getName()
                + " ,age:" + employee.getAge());
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindByNameStartingWithAndAgeLessThan() {
        List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.findByNameStartingWithAndAgeLessThan("test", 22);

        for (Employee employee : employees) {
            System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId()
                    + " , name:" + employee.getName()
                    + " ,age:" + employee.getAge());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindByNameEndingWithAndAgeLessThan() {
        List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.findByNameEndingWithAndAgeLessThan("6", 23);

        for (Employee employee : employees) {
            System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId()
                    + " , name:" + employee.getName()
                    + " ,age:" + employee.getAge());
        }
    }


    @Test
    public void testFindByNameInOrAgeLessThan() {
        List<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();
        names.add("test1");
        names.add("test2");
        names.add("test3");
        List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.findByNameInOrAgeLessThan(names, 22);

        for (Employee employee : employees) {
            System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId()
                    + " , name:" + employee.getName()
                    + " ,age:" + employee.getAge());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindByNameInAndAgeLessThan() {
        List<String> names = new ArrayList<String>();
        names.add("test1");
        names.add("test2");
        names.add("test3");
        List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.findByNameInAndAgeLessThan(names, 22);

        for (Employee employee : employees) {
            System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId()
                    + " , name:" + employee.getName()
                    + " ,age:" + employee.getAge());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetEmployeeByMaxId() {
        Employee employee = employeeRepository.getEmployeeByMaxId();
        System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId()
                + " , name:" + employee.getName()
                + " ,age:" + employee.getAge());
    }

    @Test
    public void testQueryParams1() {
        List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.queryParams1("zhangsan", 20);
        for (Employee employee : employees) {
            System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId()
                    + " , name:" + employee.getName()
                    + " ,age:" + employee.getAge());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testQueryParams2() {
        List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.queryParams2("zhangsan", 20);
        for (Employee employee : employees) {
            System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId()
                    + " , name:" + employee.getName()
                    + " ,age:" + employee.getAge());
        }
    }


    @Test
    public void testQueryLike1() {
        List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.queryLike1("test");
        for (Employee employee : employees) {
            System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId()
                    + " , name:" + employee.getName()
                    + " ,age:" + employee.getAge());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testQueryLike2() {
        List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.queryLike2("test1");
        for (Employee employee : employees) {
            System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId()
                    + " , name:" + employee.getName()
                    + " ,age:" + employee.getAge());
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetCount() {
        long count = employeeRepository.getCount();
        System.out.println("count:" + count);
    }
}

这就是第一种方法，反正我感觉还是有些麻烦，还有一些繁琐的配置

第二种方法

pom依赖

 <!-- springdata jpa依赖 -->
  <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
  </dependency>

编写实体类（也可以使用上边的）

• Entity:注解这是一个实体类
• Id一般和GeneratedValue一起用，Id是表明这是一个主键，GeneratedValue表明这是一个自增键
• Column：是属性列可以省略，如果有特殊的属性要求在Column后加上要求
• Transient ：声明这是一个非映射字段
• Table：一些表信息都基本在Table里，比如Schema，name等
  还有很多很多，如果有不懂的可以参考下边的博文

参考

//使用JPA注解配置映射关系
@Entity //告诉JPA这是一个实体类（和数据表映射的类）
@Table(name = "tbl_user") //@Table来指定和哪个数据表对应;如果省略默认表名就是user；
public class User {

    @Id //这是一个主键
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)//自增主键
    private Integer id;

    @Column(name = "last_name",length = 50) //这是和数据表对应的一个列
    private String lastName;
    @Column //省略默认列名就是属性名
    private String email;
    
    ......

编写一个映射接口

//继承JpaRepository来完成对数据库的操作，Integer是主键类型
public interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}

配置

spring:  
 jpa:
    hibernate:
#     更新或者创建数据表结构，如果没有就创建，有的话就更新
      ddl-auto: update
#    控制台显示SQL
    show-sql: true

这样就配置好了一个拥有基本CRUD功能的UserRepository，不仅可以CRUD也可以拼接等，接下来就和上边一样了，直接在测试类测试（需要先注入UserRepository）就ok了！

那个用起来简单就不用多说了！

package com.wrial.demo.dao;

import com.wrial.demo.domain.User;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import java.text.DateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class UserRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @Test
    public void test() throws Exception {
        Date date = new Date();
        DateFormat dateFormat = DateFormat.getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.LONG, DateFormat.LONG);
        String formattedDate = dateFormat.format(date);
//
//        userRepository.save(new User("aa1", "aa@qq.com", "aa", "aa123456",formattedDate));
//        userRepository.save(new User("bb2", "bb@abc.com", "bb", "bb123456",formattedDate));
//        userRepository.save(new User("cc3", "cc@1222.com", "cc", "cc123456",formattedDate));

        Assert.assertEquals(3, userRepository.findAll().size());
        Assert.assertEquals("bb123456", userRepository.findByUserNameOrEmail("bb2", "cc@11222.com").getNickName());
        userRepository.delete(userRepository.findByUserName("aa1"));
//        userRepository.deleteAll();
    }
}

整合和测试的代码已经上传到GitHub,感觉不错就点个Star吧！