整理的多线程部分基础知识点，让你写代码豁然开朗

掌握多线程几乎是现在互联网企业的必需要求，多线程在处理高并发时有不可替代的作用，工作中常常会使用多线程，却往往是拿来就用的方式，在学校时记得知识点已经有些模糊，面试时强行记忆的理论也忘的差不多了，所以在上班空闲时间整理概括了一下多线程的基础知识点，时不时拿出来巩固下基础理论，写代码时总会有种豁然开朗的感觉，由此希望这篇内容同样可以帮助到你。

创建线程的方式：

1. 继承thread类
2. 实现runnable接口（可传参）
3. 实现callable接口和FutureTask（有返回值）

线程命名:setname 和getname 或创建线程对象时命名new Thread(“张三”)

 

线程休眠.sleep(休眠时间ms)

 

设置线程优先级: .setPriority(int 级别) 优先级为1-10，默认为5 ps:java中对于不同优先级的线程调度是抢占式的，所以线程优先级高低只是代表线程抢占到cpu的几率高低，并不是优先级越高线程就先执行完。        

 

获得当前运行线程:Thread.currentThread()

 

代码：第一种创建线程的方式

 

Public class myThread extends Thread{

 

@Override
public void run() {


    for(int i=0;i<100;i++){

        System.out.println(getName()+"执行到了第"+i+"次");

    }

 

}

 

Public static void main (String[] agrs){

 

//创建线程对象

Thread t1 = new MyThread();

//启用线程

t1.start();

 

 

}

 

第二种创建线程的方式

 

Public class MyRunnable implements Runnable{

@Override
public void run() {

    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"执行了"+i);
    }
}

 

 

}

 

Public  static  void main(String[] args){

 

Runnable r1 = new MyRunnable();

 

Thread t1 = new Thread(r1);

 

t1.sleep(100);//休眠100ms后

 

t1.start();

 

}

 

第三种创建线程的方式

 

Public  class Mycallcable implements Callable<String> {

 

@Override
public String call() throws Exception {

    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {

        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"连接了

"+i+"次");
    }

    return "成功！";

}

 

 

 

 

}

 

~Main{

 

  Callable<String> c1 = new Mycallable();

 

 FutureTask<String> f1 = new FutureTask(c1);

 

Thread t1 = new Thread(f1);

 

 Callable<String> c2 = new Mycallable();

 

 FutureTask<String> f2 = new FutureTask(c2);

 

Thread t2 = new Thread(f2);

 

//设置线程优先级

t1.setPriority(1);

 

t2.setPriority(10);

 

t1.start();

 

t2.start();

 

//打印返回值

String ff = f1.get();

 

System.out.println(ff);

 

 

}

 

线程的生命周期

新建——就绪——运行——阻塞——死亡

 

流程图：

 

 

 

线程的同步问题

1. 同步方法或者同步代码块 使用synchronized实现同步

 

1. 手动加锁lock

 

同步代码块

 

Synchronized(){

 

 

}

 

同步方法

以Synchronized修饰的方法，里面是要执行的代码块。

 

 

手动方式：

创建Lock接口实现类的对象实例

在代码块之前加锁lock.lock();

执行后解锁lock.unlock();

 

实例代码如下：

 

public class Mythread extends Thread {

    private static Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();

    private static int count = 50;

    private static int ticket = 1;

    private static Object obj = new Object();

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true) {

            lock.lock();
            try {
                Thread.sleep(20);
                if (count <= 0) {
                    System.out.println("已售罄");
                    break;
                }
                System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "已售出第" + ticket++ + "张票");
                count--;
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            } finally {
                lock.unlock();
            }


        }
    }

 

}

 

死锁：

两个或两个以上的线程相互拥有对方的资源而不释放产生死锁

 

 

生产者和消费者模式:

厨师和顾客的例子。

 

生产者（厨师）:

1. 桌子上是否有食物
2. 如果没有，烹饪食物，如果有，等待。
3. 烹饪完毕后叫顾客吃

 

消费者(顾客):

 

1. 桌子上是否有食物
2. 如果有，吃掉，然后叫厨师烹饪，如果没有，等待。

 

代码：

生产者代码:

public class Cooker extends Thread {

    private Desk desk;

    public Cooker(Desk desk) {
        this.desk = desk;

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true) {
            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            synchronized (desk.getObj()) {

                if(desk.getFoodCount()==0){
                    break;
                }else {
                    if (desk.isFoodDesk()) {

                        try {
                            desk.getObj().wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }

                    } else {

                        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"生产者生产了食物");

//                        desk.setFoodCount(desk.getFoodCount()+1);
                        desk.setFoodDesk(true);
                        desk.getObj().notifyAll();

                    }

                }
            }


        }


    }
}

 

消费者代码:

public class Consume extends Thread {
    private Desk desk;

    public Consume(Desk desk) {
        this.desk = desk;

    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {

            try {
                Thread.sleep(100);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            synchronized (desk.getObj()) {
                if (desk.getFoodCount() == 0) {
                    break;
                } else {

                    if (desk.isFoodDesk()) {

                        System.out.println("消费者吃掉了食物");
                        desk.setFoodDesk(false);
                        desk.getObj().notifyAll();
                        desk.setFoodCount(desk.getFoodCount() - 1);

                        try {
                            desk.getObj().wait();
                        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                            e.printStackTrace();
                        }

                    }

                }


            }
        }
    }
}

 

调用生产者消费者模式类：

public class test {


    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Desk desk = new Desk();

        Cooker c = new Cooker(desk);

        Consume cs = new Consume(desk);

        Cooker c1 = new Cooker(desk);

        c.setName("厨师A");
        c1.setName("厨师B");

        c1.start();
        c.start();
        cs.start();

    }


}

参数bean 类

public class Desk {

    private boolean foodDesk;

    private int foodCount;

    private final Object obj = new Object();

    public Desk() {
        this(true,10);
    }

    public Desk(boolean foodDesk,int foodCount) {

        this.foodDesk=foodDesk;
        this.foodCount = foodCount;
    }

    public boolean isFoodDesk() {
        return foodDesk;
    }

    public void setFoodDesk(boolean foodDesk) {
        this.foodDesk = foodDesk;
    }

    public int getFoodCount() {
        return foodCount;
    }

    public void setFoodCount(int foodCount) {
        this.foodCount = foodCount;
    }

    public Object getObj() {
        return obj;
    }
}