回顾文献
对相关文献的评价
- Much of the literature on X perpetuates out-of-date notions of …
许多关于 x 的文献都延续了过时的概念…。 - Much of the literature on X focusses on …
大部分关于 x 的文献都集中在… …。 - The academic literature on X has revealed the emergence of several contrasting themes.
关于 x 的学术文献揭示了几个对比鲜明的主题的出现。 - Much of the literature on X has emphasised the importance of …
许多关于 x 的文献都强调了… … 的重要性。 - Much of the literature on X seems to have been based on …
许多关于 x 的文献似乎都是基于… …。 - The greater part of the literature on X acknowledges …
关于 x 的大部分文献承认… …。 - The greater part of the literature on X ignores …
大部分关于 x 的文献忽略了… …。 - Much of the literature on X acknowledges …
许多关于 x 的文献都承认… …。 - Much of the literature on X lacks clarity regarding …
许多关于 x 的文献缺乏关于… … 的明确性。 - The greater part of the literature on X focusses on …
大部分关于 x 的文献集中在…。 - Much of the literature on X ignores …
许多关于 x 的文献忽略了… …。 - The greater part of the literature on X comes from …
关于 x 的大部分文献来自…。 - Different theories exist in the literature regarding …
关于… … ,文献中存在着不同的理论。 - More recent attention has focused on the provision of …
最近的注意力集中在提供… …。 - A great deal of previous research into X has focused on …
以前对 x 的大量研究都集中在… …。 - The greater part of the literature on X seems to have been based on …
关于 x 的大部分文献似乎都是基于…。 - Much of the literature on X is exploratory in nature.
许多关于 x 的文献本质上是探索性的。 - The greater part of the literature on X has emphasised the importance of …
大部分关于 x 的文献都强调了… … 的重要性。 - Much of the literature on X is extensive and focuses particularly on …
许多关于 x 的文献是广泛的,尤其集中在…。 - The greater part of the literature on X is exploratory in nature.
大部分关于 x 的文献都是探索性的。 - Much of the literature concerns X rather than Y.
许多文献关注的是 x 而不是 y。 - A large and growing body of literature has investigated …
大量的、不断增长的文献调查了…。 - Much of the current literature on X pays particular attention to …
当前许多关于 x 的文献特别注意…。 - There is a relatively small body of literature that is concerned with …
只有相对较少的文献涉及…。 - A considerable amount of literature has been published on X. These studies …
关于 x 的研究已经发表了大量的文献。这些研究…。 - What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how …
我们对 x 的了解很大程度上是基于实证研究,调查如何…。 - There are relatively few historical studies in the area of …
关于… 的历史研究相对较少。 - Much of the literature on X is concerned with …
许多关于 x 的文献都与… 有关。 - Much of the literature on X pays particular attention to …
许多关于 x 的文献特别注意…。 - Much of the literature on X takes as its focus …
许多关于 x 的文学作品都把它作为焦点… …。 - The greater part of the literature on X is extensive and focuses particularly on …
关于 x 的大部分文献是广泛的,尤其集中在…。 - The greater part of the literature on X takes as its focus …
大部分关于 x 的文学作品都把焦点放在…。 - The greater part of the literature on X perpetuates out-of-date notions of …
大部分关于 x 的文献都延续了过时的概念…。 - The greater part of the literature on X pays particular attention to …
关于 x 的大部分文献都特别注意…。 - Much of the literature on X is descriptive.
许多关于 x 的文献都是描述性的。 - The greater part of the literature on X is concerned with …
关于 x 的大部分文献都与… 有关。 - The greater part of the literature on X is descriptive.
关于 x 的文献大部分是描述性的。 - The literature on X has highlighted several …
关于 x 的文献已经强调了几个…。 - Much of the literature since the mid-1990s emphasises the …
上世纪90年代中期以来的许多文献都强调… …。 - There is a large volume of published studies describing the role of …
有大量已发表的研究报告描述了… … 的作用。 - The existing literature on X is extensive and focuses particularly on …
现有的关于 x 的文献非常广泛,尤其侧重于…。 - The greater part of the literature on X lacks clarity regarding …
大部分关于 x 的文献缺乏清晰的关于…。 - Much of the literature on X comes from …
很多关于 x 的文献都来自… …。
从历史的角度评论
- For many years, this phenomenon was surprisingly neglected by …
多年来,这一现象令人惊讶地被… … 所忽视。 - Only in the past ten years have studies of X directly addressed how …
只有在过去的十年里,x 的研究直接解决了如何… …。 - During the past 30 years, much more information has become available on …
在过去的30年里,更多关于… 的信息已经出现。 - The first serious discussions and analyses of X emerged during the 1970s with …
关于 x 的第一次严肃的讨论和分析出现在20世纪70年代。 - Historically, research investigating the factors associated with X has focused on …
历史上,研究 x 相关因素的研究主要集中在…。 - An extensive series of randomised, controlled trials in the late 1970s demonstrated …
上世纪70年代末,一系列广泛的随机对照试验证明了… …。 - Around the early 1960s, small-scale research and case studies began to emerge linking the use of …
大约在20世纪60年代初期,开始出现小规模的研究和个案研究,将… … 的使用联系起来。 - Over the past decade, most research in X has emphasised the use of …
在过去的十年里,x 领域的大多数研究都强调使用… …。 - In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of literature on …
近年来,关于… 的文献越来越多。 - Over the past two decades, major advances in molecular biology have allowed …
在过去的二十年里,分子生物学的重大进展使得…。 - The construct of X was first articulated by Smith (1977) and popularised in his book: …
X 的结构最早由史密斯(1977年)提出,并在他的书中广为流传: …。 - Awareness of X is not recent, having possibly first been described in the 5th century BCE by …
对 x 的认识并不是最近才出现的,可能是在公元前5世纪由…。 - Research into X has a long history.
对 x 的研究有着悠久的历史。 - Prior to the work of Smith (1983), the role of X was largely unknown.
在史密斯(1983)的工作之前,x 的作用很大程度上是未知的。 - Early examples of research into X include … (Smith, 1962; Jones, 1974).
关于 x 的早期研究包括… … (史密斯,1962; 琼斯,1974)。 - It is only since the work of Smith (2001) that the study of X has gained momentum.
只是在史密斯(2001)的工作之后,x 的研究才有了动力。 - It was not until the late 1960s that historians considered X worthy of scholarly attention.
直到20世纪60年代末,历史学家才认为 x 值得学术关注。
之前研究做了什么
- What we know about X is largely based upon experimental studies that investigate how …
我们对 x 的了解很大程度上是基于实验研究,调查如何…。 - What we know about X is largely based upon simulation studies that investigate how …
我们对 x 的了解很大程度上是基于模拟研究,调查如何…。 - The research to date has been qualitative in nature.
迄今为止的研究都是定性的。 - The research to date has been undertaken in a variety of healthcare settings.
迄今为止,这项研究已经在各种医疗机构进行。 - Recent studies have been based on relatively small sample sizes.
最近的研究基于相对较小的样本量。 - The research to date has been designed to determine whether …
迄今为止的研究旨在确定是否…。 - Several lines of evidence suggest that …
一些证据表明…。 - It is now well established from a variety of studies that …
通过各种各样的研究,现在已经证实…。 - There is a consensus among social scientists that … (e.g. Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; …
在社会科学家中有一个共识… … (例如: 琼斯,1987; 约翰逊,1990; … …。 - It has been demonstrated that a high intake of X results in damage to … (Smith, 1998; …).
有证据表明,大量摄入 x 导致损害… (史密斯,1998; …)。 - Up to now, several studies have linked X with Y.
到目前为止,一些研究已经把 x 和 y 联系在一起。 - Thus far, a number of studies have revealed a correlation between X and Y.
到目前为止,许多研究已经揭示了 x 和 y 之间的相互关系。 - Up to now, previous studies have demonstrated that …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经证明…。 - To date, a number of studies have identified a link between …
到目前为止,许多研究已经确定了… … 和… … 之间的联系。 - Up to now, several studies have found …
到目前为止,一些研究已经发现…。 - Thus far, previous studies have examined the association between …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经检验了…。 - Up to now, a number of studies have analysed the accuracy and precision of …
到目前为止,许多研究已经分析了… … 的准确与精密。 - Thus far, a number of studies have used longitudinal data to examine …
到目前为止,许多研究已经使用纵向数据来检验…。 - Xs have been studied extensively in vitro, using …
已在体外进行了广泛的研究,使用…。 - X has been intensively investigated recently due to its …
近年来,由于 x 的特殊性,对其进行了深入的研究。 - Markers for the prediction of X have been widely investigated.
X 的预测标记已经得到了广泛的研究。 - Factors thought to be influencing X have been explored in several studies.
一些研究已经探讨了被认为影响 x 的因素。 - X appears to be positively related to both Y and Z (Smith, 2010; Jones, 2011).
X 似乎与 y 和 z 都呈正相关(Smith,2010; Jones,2011)。 - The causes of X have been widely investigated (Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994).
X 的原因已经被广泛调查(琼斯,1987; 约翰逊,1990; 史密斯,1994)。 - Several systematic reviews of X have been undertaken.
已经对 x 进行了几次系统的审查。 - What we know about X is largely based on observational studies.
我们对 x 的了解主要是基于观察性研究。 - There are a number of large cross-sectional studies which suggest …
有大量的横断面研究表明…。 - Publications that concentrate on X more frequently adopt a historical or chronological approach …
更多集中于 x 的出版物通常采用历史或时间顺序的方法…。 - To date, several studies have reported …
迄今为止,一些研究已经报道了… …。 - Thus far, several studies have reported …
到目前为止,一些研究报告说… …。 - Thus far, several studies have confirmed the effectiveness of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究证实了该方法的有效性。 - Thus far, several studies have highlighted factors that are associated with …
到目前为止,一些研究已经强调了与… 有关的因素。 - Up to now, several studies have shown that…
到目前为止,一些研究表明…。 - Thus far, a number of studies have reported …
到目前为止,许多研究报告说… …。 - To date, several studies have indicated that …
到目前为止,一些研究表明…。 - Up to now, a number of studies have demonstrated that …
到目前为止,许多研究表明…。 - Thus far, a number of studies have found …
到目前为止,许多研究已经发现…。 - To date, a number of studies have found …
迄今为止,许多研究已经发现… …。 - To date, previous studies have found …
迄今为止,先前的研究已经发现…。 - Thus far, previous studies have revealed a correlation between X and Y.
到目前为止,先前的研究已经揭示了 x 和 y 之间的相关性。 - To date, a number of studies have reported …
到目前为止,许多研究报告说… …。 - Up to now, a number of studies have suggested that …
到目前为止,许多研究表明…。 - Thus far, several studies have identified a link between …
到目前为止,一些研究已经确定了… … 和… … 之间的联系。 - To date, a number of studies have suggested that …
到目前为止,许多研究表明…。 - To date, previous studies have linked X with Y.
迄今为止,先前的研究已经将 x 和 y 联系在一起。 - Thus far, previous studies have demonstrated that …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经证明… …。 - Thus far, previous studies have linked X with Y.
到目前为止,先前的研究已经把 x 和 y 联系起来了。 - Up to now, previous studies have reported …
到目前为止,先前的研究报道…。 - To date, several studies have revealed a correlation between X and Y.
迄今为止,一些研究已经揭示了 x 和 y 之间的相互关系。 - Thus far, several studies have suggested that …
到目前为止,一些研究表明… …。 - Thus far, previous studies have found …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经发现…。 - Up to now, previous studies have shown that…
到目前为止,先前的研究已经表明…。 - Thus far, a number of studies have suggested that …
到目前为止,许多研究表明… …。 - Up to now, previous studies have suggested that …
到目前为止,先前的研究表明…。 - Up to now, previous studies have identified a link between …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经确定了… … 和… … 之间的联系。 - Thus far, several studies have found …
到目前为止,一些研究已经发现…。 - To date, a number of studies have indicated that …
到目前为止,许多研究表明…。 - Thus far, previous studies have suggested that …
到目前为止,先前的研究表明…。 - Thus far, previous studies have shown that…
到目前为止,先前的研究表明… …。 - To date, previous studies have reported …
迄今为止,先前的研究已经报道… …。 - To date, a number of studies have confirmed the effectiveness of …
到目前为止,许多研究已经证实了…。 - Thus far, a number of studies have linked X with Y.
到目前为止,许多研究已经把 x 和 y 联系起来了。 - Previous studies of X have identified …
先前对 x 的研究已经确定了…。 - Previous surveys of X have reported …
先前的 x 调查报告显示…。 - Several studies of X have revealed …
一些关于 x 的研究表明…。 - Previous studies of X have revealed …
先前对 x 的研究表明…。 - Several surveys of X have reported …
一些关于 x 的调查报告说… …。 - Several surveys of X have revealed …
一些对 x 的调查显示…。 - Previous studies of X have established …
先前对 x 的研究已经证实…。 - Several studies of X have found …
一些关于 x 的研究发现…。 - Several studies of X have shown significant increases in …
一些关于 x 的研究已经显示出… … 的显著增加。 - Several surveys of X have identified …
一些关于 x 的调查已经确定了…。 - A number of studies have begun to examine …
许多研究已经开始考察… …。 - At least 120 case-control studies worldwide have examined the relationship between …
全世界至少有120个病例对照研究调查了…。 - To date, several studies have tested the efficacy of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究测试了…。 - To date, several studies have examined the association between …
迄今为止,一些研究已经检验了… … 之间的联系。 - Thus far, a number of studies have investigated the effects of…
到目前为止,已有许多研究调查了…。 - Up to now, several studies have examined the association between …
到目前为止,已有多项研究检验了…。 - To date, previous studies have analysed the accuracy and precision of …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经分析了… … 的准确与精密。 - Up to now, several studies have tested the efficacy of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究证实了该药的有效性。 - Thus far, previous studies have analysed the accuracy and precision of …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经分析了… … 的准确与精密。 - To date, a number of studies have explored the relationships between X and Y.
迄今为止,许多研究已经探索了 x 和 y 之间的关系。 - To date, several studies have investigated the effects of…
到目前为止,已有多项研究调查了…。 - Up to now, previous studies have examined the association between …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经检验了…。 - Thus far, previous studies have attempted to evaluate the impact of …
到目前为止,以往的研究都试图评估…。 - To date, previous studies have explored the relationships between X and Y.
迄今为止,先前的研究已经探索了 x 和 y 之间的关系。 - Thus far, several studies have tested the efficacy of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究证实了该药的有效性。 - Thus far, a number of studies have attempted to evaluate the impact of …
到目前为止,已有许多研究试图评价…。 - Thus far, previous studies have explored the relationships between X and Y.
到目前为止,先前的研究已经探索了 x 和 y 之间的关系。 - Thus far, a number of studies have analysed the accuracy and precision of …
到目前为止,许多研究已经分析了… … 的准确与精密。 - Thus far, previous studies have used longitudinal data to examine …
到目前为止,以往的研究都是利用纵向数据来检验…。 - Up to now, several studies have analysed the accuracy and precision of …
到目前为止,一些研究已经分析了… … 的准确与精密。 - The geology of X has been addressed in several small-scale investigations and …
在几次小规模调查中,对 x 的地质特征进行了研究。 - The relationship between X and Y has been widely investigated (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987, …
X 和 y 之间的关系已被广泛研究(史密斯,1985; 琼斯,1987,…。 - Most researchers investigating X have utilised …
大多数研究 x 的研究人员利用了… …。 - The majority of previous studies on X are based on …
以往对 x 的大多数研究都是基于…。 - Historians have attempted to interpret X in the light of …
历史学家试图根据… … 来解释 x。 - The vast majority of studies on X have been quantitative.
绝大多数关于 x 的研究都是定量的。 - Much of the previous research on X has been exploratory in nature.
以前对 x 的研究大部分都是探索性的。 - Much of the X research has focused on identifying and evaluating the …
大部分的 x 研究都集中在识别和评估…。 - What we know about X is largely based upon observational studies that investigate how …
我们对 x 的了解很大程度上是基于观察性研究,调查如何…。 - What we know about X is largely based upon epidemiological studies that investigate how …
我们对 x 的了解主要是基于流行病学研究,调查如何…。 - What we know about X is largely based upon comparative studies that investigate how …
我们对 x 的了解很大程度上是基于比较研究,调查如何…。 - What we know about X is largely based upon case studies that investigate how …
我们对 x 的了解很大程度上是基于案例研究,调查如何…。 - Recent studies have been qualitative in nature.
最近的研究本质上是定性的。 - Recent studies have been undertaken in a variety of healthcare settings.
最近的研究已经在各种医疗机构进行。 - Recent studies have been designed to determine whether …
最近的研究旨在确定是否…。 - Recent studies have been largely exploratory.
最近的研究主要是探索性的。 - Recent studies have been conducted using …
最近的研究是用…。 - A number of studies have postulated a convergence between …
许多研究假定了… … 和… … 之间的趋同。 - Many recent studies (e.g. Smith, 2001; Jones, 2005) have shown that …
许多最近的研究(例如 Smith,2001; Jones,2005)表明… …。 - Traditionally, it has been argued that … (e.g. Smith, 1960; Jones, 1972).
传统上,人们认为… … (例如史密斯,1960; 琼斯,1972)。 - In previous studies on X, different variables have been found to be related to …
在以往对 x 的研究中,发现不同的变量与… 有关。 - Many historians have argued that … (e.g. Jones, 1987; Johnson, 1990; Smith, 1994).
许多历史学家认为… … (例如: 琼斯,1987; 约翰逊,1990; 史密斯,1994)。 - Data from several sources have identified the increased X and Y associated with obesity.
来自几个来源的数据已经确定了与肥胖相关的 x 和 y 的增加。 - Some cross-sectional studies suggest an association between X and Y (Smith, 2004; Jones, 2005).
一些横断面研究表明 x 和 y 之间存在联系(Smith,2004; Jones,2005)。 - There is a large number of published studies (e.g., Smith, 2001; …) that describe the link between …
有大量已发表的研究(例如,史密斯,2001; …)描述了… … 之间的联系。 - It has been thought that …
有人认为…。 - Up to now, previous studies have revealed a correlation between X and Y.
到目前为止,先前的研究已经揭示了 x 和 y 之间的相关性。 - Thus far, previous studies have indicated that …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经表明…。 - To date, several studies have confirmed the effectiveness of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究证实了…。 - To date, several studies have highlighted factors that are associated with …
到目前为止,一些研究已经强调了与… 有关的因素。 - Up to now, a number of studies have highlighted factors that are associated with …
到目前为止,许多研究都强调了与… … 有关的因素。 - Thus far, a number of studies have highlighted factors that are associated with …
到目前为止,许多研究都强调了与… 有关的因素。 - Previous surveys of X have shown significant increases in …
先前对 x 的调查显示,在… …。 - Several surveys of X have demonstrated …
一些 x 的调查已经证明…。 - Several investigations of X have demonstrated …
对 x 的一些研究已经证明…。 - Several investigations of X have established …
对 x 的几项调查已经确定了…。 - Previous investigations of X have found …
先前对 x 的调查发现…。 - Several investigations of X have revealed …
对 x 的几项调查显示…。 - Previous studies of X have demonstrated …
先前对 x 的研究已经证明…。 - Previous surveys of X have identified …
先前对 x 的调查已经确定…。 - Several surveys of X have shown significant increases in …
一些对 x 的调查显示… … 有显著增加。 - Previous investigations of X have identified …
先前对 x 的调查已经确定…。 - Several investigations of X have reported …
一些关于 x 的调查报告说…。 - Previous surveys of X have demonstrated …
先前对 x 的调查已经证明…。 - Several studies of X have reported …
一些关于 x 的研究报道… …。 - Previous investigations of X have demonstrated …
先前对 x 的研究已经证明…。 - Previous studies of X have shown significant increases in …
先前对 x 的研究已经表明在… … 方面有显著的增长。 - Up to now, several studies have attempted to evaluate the impact of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究试图评价…。 - To date, several studies have confirmed the effectiveness of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究证实了…。 - To date, several studies have highlighted factors that are associated with …
到目前为止,一些研究已经强调了与… 有关的因素。 - Up to now, a number of studies have highlighted factors that are associated with …
到目前为止,许多研究都强调了与… … 有关的因素。 - Thus far, a number of studies have highlighted factors that are associated with …
到目前为止,许多研究都强调了与… 有关的因素。 - Previous surveys of X have shown significant increases in …
先前对 x 的调查显示,在… …。 - Several surveys of X have demonstrated …
一些 x 的调查已经证明…。 - Several investigations of X have demonstrated …
对 x 的一些研究已经证明…。 - Several investigations of X have established …
对 x 的几项调查已经确定了…。 - Previous investigations of X have found …
先前对 x 的调查发现…。 - Several investigations of X have revealed …
对 x 的几项调查显示…。 - Previous studies of X have demonstrated …
先前对 x 的研究已经证明…。 - Previous surveys of X have identified …
先前对 x 的调查已经确定…。 - Several surveys of X have shown significant increases in …
一些对 x 的调查显示… … 有显著增加。 - Previous investigations of X have identified …
先前对 x 的调查已经确定…。 - Several investigations of X have reported …
一些关于 x 的调查报告说…。 - Previous surveys of X have demonstrated …
先前对 x 的调查已经证明…。 - Several studies of X have reported …
一些关于 x 的研究报道… …。 - Previous investigations of X have demonstrated …
先前对 x 的研究已经证明…。 - Previous studies of X have shown significant increases in …
先前对 x 的研究已经表明在… … 方面有显著的增长。 - Up to now, several studies have attempted to evaluate the impact of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究试图评价…。 - Up to now, previous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of …
到目前为止,已有的研究证实了该方法的有效性。 - To date, a number of studies have linked X with Y.
迄今为止,许多研究已经将 x 与 y 联系起来。 - Up to now, previous studies have indicated that …
到目前为止,已有研究表明…。 - To date, a number of studies have revealed a correlation between X and Y.
迄今为止,许多研究已经揭示了 x 和 y 之间的相互关系。 - Up to now, several studies have demonstrated that …
到目前为止,一些研究已经证明…。 - Up to now, a number of studies have identified a link between …
到目前为止,许多研究已经确定了… … 和… … 之间的联系。 - Up to now, several studies have identified a link between …
到目前为止,一些研究已经确定了… … 之间的联系。 - To date, previous studies have revealed a correlation between X and Y.
迄今为止,先前的研究已经揭示了 x 和 y 之间的相互关系。 - To date, previous studies have shown that…
迄今为止,先前的研究已经表明…。 - Up to now, previous studies have highlighted factors that are associated with …
到目前为止,以往的研究已经强调了与… 有关的因素。 - Up to now, previous studies have found …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经发现…。 - To date, previous studies have identified a link between …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经确定了… … 之间的联系。 - To date, several studies have linked X with Y.
到目前为止,已有多项研究将 x 与 y 联系起来。 - Thus far, several studies have indicated that …
到目前为止,一些研究表明…。 - To date, previous studies have highlighted factors that are associated with …
迄今为止,先前的研究已经强调了与… … 相关的因素。 - Previous investigations of X have shown significant increases in …
先前对 x 的研究表明,在… … 中有显著的增长。 - Several investigations of X have found …
对 x 的几项调查发现…。 - Several studies of X have established …
一些关于 x 的研究已经证实了…。 - Several studies of X have identified …
一些关于 x 的研究已经确定了…。 - Several surveys of X have found …
对 x 的一些调查发现…。 - Several studies have used longitudinal data to examine …
一些研究使用了纵向数据来检验…。 - Numerous studies have attempted to explain … (for example, Smith, 1996; Jones, 1998; …).
许多研究试图解释… … (例如,史密斯,1996; 琼斯,1998; …)。 - Up to now, a number of studies have used longitudinal data to examine …
到目前为止,许多研究已经用纵向数据来检验…。 - Up to now, a number of studies have investigated the effects of…
到目前为止,已有许多研究探讨了…。 - Up to now, several studies have used longitudinal data to examine …
到目前为止,已有多项研究利用纵向数据检验…。 - Thus far, several studies have used longitudinal data to examine …
到目前为止,一些研究已经使用纵向数据来检验…。 - Up to now, previous studies have investigated the effects of…
到目前为止,已有的研究已经探讨了…。 - To date, previous studies have examined the association between …
迄今为止,先前的研究已经检验了… … 之间的联系。 - Up to now, several studies have begun to examine the use of …
到目前为止,一些研究已经开始检验…。 - To date, previous studies have attempted to evaluate the impact of …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经试图评估…。 - To date, a number of studies have analysed the accuracy and precision of …
到目前为止,许多研究已经分析了… … 的准确与精密。 - Previous investigations of X have reported …
先前对 x 的调查报告…。 - Previous surveys of X have established …
先前对 x 的调查已经确定…。 - Several investigations of X have shown significant increases in …
一些关于 x 的调查显示,在…。 - Several studies of X have demonstrated …
一些关于 x 的研究已经证明了…。 - Several investigations of X have identified …
对 x 的一些调查已经确定了…。 - Several surveys of X have established …
一些 x 的调查已经确定了…。 - Previous investigations of X have revealed …
先前对 x 的调查显示…。 - To date, a number of studies have demonstrated that …
到目前为止,许多研究已经证明…。 - To date, previous studies have demonstrated that …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经证明…。 - To date, previous studies have suggested that …
到目前为止,先前的研究表明…。 - Up to now, a number of studies have indicated that …
到目前为止,许多研究表明…。 - Up to now, several studies have revealed a correlation between X and Y.
到目前为止,一些研究已经揭示了 x 和 y 之间的相关性。 - Thus far, a number of studies have identified a link between …
到目前为止,许多研究已经确定了… … 和… … 之间的联系。 - Up to now, several studies have reported …
到目前为止,已有多项研究报道…。 - Thus far, previous studies have identified a link between …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经确定了… … 和… … 之间的联系。 - To date, a number of studies have shown that…
到目前为止,许多研究表明…。 - Thus far, several studies have shown that…
到目前为止,一些研究已经表明…。 - Thus far, a number of studies have demonstrated that …
到目前为止,许多研究已经证明… …。 - Previous studies of X have reported …
先前的研究已经报道过…。 - Previous surveys of X have found …
先前的 x 调查发现…。 - Previous investigations of X have established …
先前对 x 的调查已经确定…。 - Previous surveys of X have revealed …
先前的 x 调查显示…。 - Previous studies of X have found …
先前对 x 的研究发现…。 - Thus far, previous studies have highlighted factors that are associated with …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经强调了与… 有关的因素。 - Up to now, several studies have confirmed the effectiveness of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究证实了该方法的有效性。 - To date, several studies have found …
迄今为止,一些研究已经发现…。 - Up to now, a number of studies have reported …
到目前为止,许多研究报道…。 - Thus far, several studies have linked X with Y.
到目前为止,一些研究已经把 x 和 y 联系起来了。 - Up to now, several studies have highlighted factors that are associated with …
到目前为止,一些研究已经强调了与… 有关的因素。 - Up to now, a number of studies have revealed a correlation between X and Y.
到目前为止,许多研究揭示了 x 和 y 之间的相互关系。 - Up to now, a number of studies have confirmed the effectiveness of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究证实了该方法的有效性。 - Thus far, several studies have revealed a correlation between X and Y.
到目前为止,一些研究已经揭示了 x 和 y 之间的相关性。 - Thus far, previous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of …
到目前为止,已有的研究证实了该方法的有效性。 - To date, several studies have suggested that …
到目前为止,一些研究表明…。 - Up to now, a number of studies have shown that…
到目前为止,许多研究表明…。 - To date, previous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of …
迄今为止,已有研究证实了…。 - Surveys such as that conducted by Smith (1988) have shown that …
史密斯(1988)进行的调查显示… …。 - Several biographies of Brown have been published. Smith (2013) presents …
几本布朗的传记已经出版。史密斯(2013)出版…。 - Recently, in vitro studies have shown that X can … (Smith et al., 1997; Jones et al., 1998).
最近,体外研究表明 x 可以… (Smith 等人,1997; Jones 等人,1998)。 - Thus far, a number of studies have shown that…
到目前为止,许多研究表明… …。 - To date, a number of studies have highlighted factors that are associated with …
迄今为止,许多研究已经强调了与… … 相关的因素。 - Up to now, a number of studies have linked X with Y.
到目前为止,已经有很多研究将 x 和 y 联系起来。 - To date, several studies have shown that…
到目前为止,一些研究表明…。 - To date, several studies have demonstrated that …
到目前为止,一些研究已经证明…。 - To date, several studies have identified a link between …
到目前为止,一些研究已经确定了… … 之间的联系。 - Thus far, a number of studies have indicated that …
到目前为止,许多研究表明…。 - Up to now, several studies have suggested that …
到目前为止,一些研究表明…。 - Thus far, previous studies have reported …
到目前为止,先前的研究报道… …。 - To date, several studies have investigated …
到目前为止,有几项研究已经调查… …。 - Various studies have assessed the efficacy of …
各种研究已经评估了…。 - Researchers attempted to evaluate the impact of …
研究人员试图评估… 的影响。 - A great deal of previous research into X has focused on …
以前对 x 的大量研究都集中在… …。 - Previous studies have explored the relationships between X and Y.
先前的研究已经探索了 x 和 y 之间的关系。 - Twenty cohort study analyses have examined the relationship between …
二十项队列研究分析检验了… …。 - A number of authors have considered the effects of … (Smith, 2003; Jones, 2004).
许多作者考虑了… 的影响(史密斯,2003; 琼斯,2004)。 - Thus far, several studies have examined the association between …
到目前为止,一些研究已经检验了…。 - To date, a number of studies have tested the efficacy of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究测试了…。 - Up to now, previous studies have begun to examine the use of …
到目前为止,以往的研究已经开始考察…。 - Up to now, several studies have explored the relationships between X and Y.
到目前为止,已有多项研究探讨了 x 与 y 之间的关系。 - To date, a number of studies have begun to examine the use of …
到目前为止,许多研究已经开始检验…。 - Thus far, several studies have explored the relationships between X and Y.
到目前为止,一些研究已经探索了 x 和 y 之间的关系。 - Thus far, a number of studies have begun to examine the use of …
到目前为止,许多研究已经开始检验…。 - To date, a number of studies have examined the association between …
到目前为止,许多研究已经检验了… … 和… … 之间的联系。 - Up to now, a number of studies have attempted to evaluate the impact of …
到目前为止,已有许多研究试图评价…。 - To date, a number of studies have attempted to evaluate the impact of …
到目前为止,已有许多研究试图评估…。 - To date, previous studies have used longitudinal data to examine …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经用纵向数据来检验…。 - Thus far, previous studies have begun to examine the use of …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经开始检验…。 - Up to now, a number of studies have explored the relationships between X and Y.
到目前为止,已有许多研究探讨了 x 与 y 之间的关系。 - Thus far, several studies have attempted to evaluate the impact of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究试图评价…。 - The roles of X have been studied extensively (Jones, 1989; Johnson, 1994; Smith, 1998).
X 的角色已被广泛研究(琼斯,1989; 约翰逊,1994; 史密斯,1998)。 - X has been identified as a major contributing factor to the decline of many species of … (Smith, 2011).
X 已经被确定为许多物种数量减少的主要影响因素。 - Most research on X has been carried out in …
大多数关于 x 的研究是在…。 - Using this approach, researchers have been able to …
使用这种方法,研究人员已经能够…。 - Existing comparative studies are largely observational in nature, mostly relying on …
现有的比较研究大多是观察性的,主要依靠…。 - What we know about X is largely based upon longitudinal studies that investigate how …
我们对 x 的了解很大程度上是基于纵向研究,调查如何…。 - What we know about X is largely based upon laboratory studies that investigate how …
我们对 x 的了解很大程度上是基于实验室研究,调查如何…。 - What we know about X is largely based upon empirical studies that investigate how …
我们对 x 的了解很大程度上是基于实证研究,调查如何…。 - What we know about X is largely based upon qualitative studies that investigate how …
我们对 x 的了解很大程度上是基于定性研究,调查如何…。 - What we know about X is largely based upon clinical studies that investigate how …
我们对 x 的了解很大程度上是基于临床研究,调查如何…。 - Recent studies have been carried out using …
最近的研究是用…。 - The research to date has been carried out using …
迄今为止的研究已经用…。 - The research to date has been conducted using …
迄今为止的研究已经用…。 - The research to date has been based on relatively small sample sizes.
迄今为止的研究都是基于相对较小的样本量。 - The research to date has been largely exploratory.
迄今为止,这项研究主要是探索性的。 - Recent evidence suggests that … (Smith, 1996; …).
最近的证据表明… (史密斯,1996; …)。 - Thus far, previous studies have investigated the effects of…
到目前为止,已有的研究已经探讨了…。 - Up to now, several studies have investigated the effects of…
到目前为止,已有多项研究探讨了…。 - Thus far, several studies have analysed the accuracy and precision of …
到目前为止,一些研究已经分析了… … 的准确与精密。 - To date, previous studies have begun to examine the use of …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经开始检验… - Thus far, a number of studies have tested the efficacy of …
到目前为止,已有多项研究证实了…。 - To date, several studies have used longitudinal data to examine …
到目前为止,一些研究已经使用纵向数据来检验…。 - Thus far, a number of studies have explored the relationships between X and Y.
到目前为止,许多研究已经探索了 x 和 y 之间的关系。 - To date, a number of studies have investigated the effects of…
迄今为止,许多研究已经调查了… … 的影响。 - To date, a number of studies have used longitudinal data to examine …
到目前为止,许多研究已经用纵向数据来检验…。 - Up to now, a number of studies have examined the association between …
到目前为止,许多研究已经检验了…。 - Thus far, previous studies have tested the efficacy of …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经检验了…。 - Up to now, previous studies have analysed the accuracy and precision of …
到目前为止,先前的研究已经分析了… … 的准确与精密。 - To date, several studies have explored the relationships between X and Y.
迄今为止,一些研究已经探索了 x 和 y 之间的关系。 - To date, several studies have attempted to evaluate the impact of …
到目前为止,已有几项研究试图评估…。 - X has been proposed to explain how …
有人提出 x 来解释如何…。 - X has also been shown to reverse the anti-inflammatory effects of Y in …
已证明 x 可逆转 y 的抗炎作用。 - These effects have been shown in X (e.g., Smith et al., 1981; Jones, 1996).
这些影响已经在 x (例如,史密斯等人,1981; 琼斯,1996)中显示出来
总结目前对该主题的了解
- X is one of the most intense reactions following Y (Jones, 2010).
X 是继 y 之后最强烈的反应之一(琼斯,2010)。 - X is a principal determining factor of Y (Smith, 2005; Jones, 2013).
X 是 y 的主要决定因素(Smith,2005; Jones,2013)。 - X is significantly reduced during the first months of … (Smith, 2000; Jones, 2010).
X 在… 的前几个月显著减少(Smith,2000; Jones,2010)。 - X increases when … (Smith, 2012)
X 增加当… (史密斯,2012) - X is positively related to Y (Smith, 2007; Jones, 2010).
X 与 y 呈正相关(Smith,2007; Jones,2010)。 - X is one of the most important … (Smith, 2007; Jones, 2010).
X 是最重要的… … (史密斯,2007; 琼斯,2010)。 - There is an unambiguous relationship between X and Y (Smith, 1998).
X 和 y 之间有明确的关系(Smith,1998) 。 - X has been found to oppose the anti-inflammatory actions of Y on Z (Smith, 2004).
已经发现 x 反对 y 对 z 的消炎作用(Smith,2004)。 - GM varieties of X are able to cross-pollinate with non-GM varieties (Smith, 1998; Jones, 2009).
X 的转基因品种能够与非转基因品种交叉授粉(Smith,1998; Jones,2009)。 - A relationship exists between an individual’s working memory and their ability to … (Jones, 2002).
个人的工作记忆和他们的能力之间存在着一种关系… … (琼斯,2002)。
强调先前研究的负面结果
- Previous studies have failed to find a (any) consistent association between …
以前的研究未能发现… 和… 之间有任何一致的联系。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate a (any) causal relationship between …
以前的研究未能证明… … 之间的(任何)因果关系。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate (any) significant changes in health outcomes …
以前的研究未能证明(任何)健康结果的重大变化…。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate a (any) correlation between …
以前的研究未能证明… … 之间的(任何)相关性。 - Previous studies have failed to find a (any) link between …
以前的研究未能找到… … 之间的(任何)联系。 - Recent studies have not been able to convincingly show that …
最近的研究未能令人信服地表明…。 - Prior studies have not been able to confirm earlier findings showing …
先前的研究没有能够证实早期的发现表明…。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) consistent association between …
以前的研究未能表明… … 之间有(任何)一致的联系。 - Previous studies have failed to show (any) support for the X hypothesis.
以前的研究未能证明 x 假说有任何支持。 - Previous studies have failed to find a (any) connection between …
以前的研究未能发现… … 之间的(任何)联系。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate a (any) connection between …
以前的研究未能证明… … 之间有(任何)联系。 - Previous studies have failed to show (any) reliable, repeatable therapeutic effects of …
以前的研究未能显示任何可靠的,可重复的治疗作用…。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate a (any) consistent association between …
以前的研究未能证明… … 之间有(任何)一致的联系。 - Previous studies have failed to show (any) significant differences in …
以前的研究未能显示… … 的显著差异。 - Prior studies have not been able to account for all aspects of …
先前的研究还不能全面考虑…。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) statistically significant difference …
以前的研究没有显示(任何)统计学上的显著差异…。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate a (any) benefit in …
以前的研究未能证明… 有任何益处。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate (any) reliable, repeatable therapeutic effects of …
以前的研究未能证明… 的可靠、可重复的治疗作用。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate a (any) link between …
以前的研究未能证明… … 之间有(任何)联系。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) treatment effect.
以前的研究没有显示出任何治疗效果。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) causal relationship between …
以前的研究未能显示… … 之间的(任何)因果关系。 - Previous studies have failed to find (any) significant differences in …
以前的研究没有发现… … 的显著差异。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) protective effect of …
以前的研究没有显示出… 的保护作用。 - Previous studies have failed to find a (any) treatment effect.
以前的研究未能找到任何治疗效果。 - Previous studies have failed to find a (any) correlation between …
以前的研究未能发现… … 之间的(任何)相关性。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate (any) significant advantages of using …
以前的研究未能证明使用… 有任何显著的好处。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) link between …
以前的研究未能证明… … 之间有任何联系。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate (any) significant differences in …
以前的研究未能证明… … 的显著差异。 - Previous studies have failed to find (any) reliable, repeatable therapeutic effects of …
以前的研究未能找到任何可靠的,可重复的治疗效果…。 - Previous studies have failed to find (any) significant advantages of using …
以前的研究没有发现使用… 有任何显著的好处。 - Prior studies have not been able to establish …
先前的研究还不能确定…。 - Prior studies have not been able to reproduce these findings.
之前的研究没有能够重现这些发现。 - Prior studies have not been able to confirm earlier …
先前的研究还不能证实…。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) connection between …
以前的研究未能表明… … 之间有(任何)联系。 - Previous studies have failed to find (any) benefits associated with …
以前的研究没有发现任何与… 有关的好处。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate (any) benefits associated with …
以前的研究未能证明(任何)与… 有关的好处。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) correlation between …
以前的研究未能显示… … 之间的(任何)相关性。 - Previous studies have failed to find a (any) statistically significant difference …
以前的研究没有发现(任何)统计学上的显著差异…。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate (any) support for the X hypothesis.
以前的研究未能证明(任何)支持 x 假设。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) benefit in …
以前的研究未能证明… … 有任何益处。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) causal relationship between …
以前的研究未能显示… … 之间的(任何)因果关系。 - Previous studies have failed to find (any) significant differences in …
以前的研究没有发现… … 的显著差异。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) protective effect of …
以前的研究没有显示出… 的保护作用。 - Previous studies have failed to find a (any) treatment effect.
以前的研究未能找到任何治疗效果。 - Previous studies have failed to find a (any) correlation between …
以前的研究未能发现… … 之间的(任何)相关性。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate (any) significant advantages of using …
以前的研究未能证明使用… 有任何显著的好处。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) link between …
以前的研究未能证明… … 之间有任何联系。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate (any) significant differences in …
以前的研究未能证明… … 的显著差异。 - Previous studies have failed to find (any) reliable, repeatable therapeutic effects of …
以前的研究未能找到任何可靠的,可重复的治疗效果…。 - Previous studies have failed to find (any) significant advantages of using …
以前的研究没有发现使用… 有任何显著的好处。 - Prior studies have not been able to establish …
先前的研究还不能确定…。 - Prior studies have not been able to reproduce these findings.
之前的研究没有能够重现这些发现。 - Prior studies have not been able to confirm earlier …
先前的研究还不能证实…。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) connection between …
以前的研究未能表明… … 之间有(任何)联系。 - Previous studies have failed to find (any) benefits associated with …
以前的研究没有发现任何与… 有关的好处。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate (any) benefits associated with …
以前的研究未能证明(任何)与… 有关的好处。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) correlation between …
以前的研究未能显示… … 之间的(任何)相关性。 - Previous studies have failed to find a (any) statistically significant difference …
以前的研究没有发现(任何)统计学上的显著差异…。 - Previous studies have failed to demonstrate (any) support for the X hypothesis.
以前的研究未能证明(任何)支持 x 假设。 - Previous studies have failed to show a (any) benefit in …
以前的研究未能证明… … 有任何益处。
参考以前的重要研究
- By far the most influential account of X is to be found in the work of …
到目前为止,对 x 最有影响的解释是在… 的工作中发现的。 - Perhaps the most thorough account of X is to be found in the work of …
也许对 x 的最彻底的解释可以在… 的作品中找到。 - Perhaps the most important account of X is to be found in the work of …
也许关于 x 的最重要的解释可以在… 的作品中找到。 - By far the most detailed account of X is to be found in the work of …
到目前为止,关于 x 的最详细的叙述可以在… 的工作中找到。 - By far the most comprehensive account of X is to be found in the work of …
到目前为止,关于 x 的最全面的说明可以在… 的工作中找到。 - By far the most thorough account of X is to be found in the work of …
到目前为止,关于 x 的最详尽的叙述可以在… 的工作中找到。 - By far the most important account of X is to be found in the work of …
到目前为止,关于 x 的最重要的说明是在… 的工作中发现的。 - By far the most widely-accepted account of X is to be found in the work of …
到目前为止,关于 x 的最广为接受的说法是在… 的工作中发现的。 - Perhaps the most well-known account of X is to be found in the work of …
也许关于 x 最著名的描述可以在… 的作品中找到。 - Perhaps the most complete account of X is to be found in the work of …
也许对 x 最完整的描述可以在… 的作品中找到。 - The first detailed study of X was …
第一次对 x 的详细研究是…。 - Smith (1960) was one of the first to examine …
史密斯(1960)是最早研究…。 - The first systematic study of X was reported by …
第一次系统地研究 x 是由…。 - In one of the earliest studies in this field, Smith (1961) found …
在这个领域最早的研究之一,史密斯(1961)发现…。 - In their ground-breaking work in 1958, Smith and Jones established …
史密斯和琼斯在1958年的开创性工作中建立了…。 - X was first demonstrated experimentally by Pavlov (1927). In his seminal study …
巴甫洛夫(1927)首次在实验中证明了 x。 在他的精液研究中…。 - The way in which X is regulated was studied extensively by Smith and colleagues (Smith et al. 1995).
史密斯及其同事对 x 的调节方式进行了广泛的研究(史密斯等人,1995)。 - Smith (1952) helped to establish an explanatory model for …
史密斯(1952)帮助建立了一个解释性的模型…。 - The reaction between X and Y was first reported by Smith in 1872.
1872年,史密斯首次报道了 x 和 y 之间的反应。 - A good summary of the classification of X has been provided in the work of …
文中对 x 的分类作了较好的总结。