科研写作——常见句式(十)
描述过去
一般过去时
- Half a century later, Fleming actively searched for anti-bacterial agents.
半个世纪后,弗莱明积极地寻找抗菌剂。 - The next research period involved innovative laboratory work in the late 1960s and into the 1970s.
下一个研究阶段涉及到1960年代后期和1970年代的创新实验室工作。 - The first experimental realisation of …, by Smith et al. [12], used a …
第一个实验实现… ,由史密斯等人[12] ,使用了一个…。 - From 1933 to 1945, restrictions were placed on German academics.
从1933年到1945年,德国学者受到了限制。 - During the Nazi period, restrictions were placed on German academics.
在纳粹时期,德国学者受到限制。 - At the end of the nineteenth century, authorities in X placed restrictions on academics.
19世纪末,x 国的权威机构对学者实行了限制。 - In the latter half of the 19th century, authorities in X placed restrictions on academics.
在19世纪后半叶,x 国当局对学者实行了限制。 - For centuries, authorities in X placed restrictions on academics.
几个世纪以来,x 国的权威机构对学者实行限制。 - Half a century later, Fleming was named one of the 100 Most Important People of the century.
半个世纪后,弗莱明被评为本世纪100位最重要的人物之一。 - X was originally isolated from Y in a soil sample from … (Smith et al., 1952).
X 最初是在一个土壤样本中从 y 中分离出来的… (史密斯等人,1952)。 - In 1990, Jones et al. demonstrated that replacement of H2O with heavy water led to …
在1990年,琼斯等人证明,用重水取代水导致…。 - In the 1930s and 1940s, restrictions were placed on German academics.
在20世纪30年代和40年代,德国学者受到了限制。 - In 1933, restrictions were placed on German academics.
1933年,德国学者受到了限制。 - In the early years of the 19th century, authorities in X placed restrictions on academics.
在19世纪早期,x 国的权威机构对学者施加了限制。 - Throughout the 19th century, authorities in X placed restrictions on academics.
纵观整个19世纪,x 国的权威机构对学者实行限制。 - In the 1930s, Fleming actively searched for anti-bacterial agents.
在20世纪30年代,弗莱明积极寻找抗菌剂。 - Before 1950, the X had received only cursory attention from historians.
1950年以前,历史学家对 x 只是粗略的注意。 - An experimental demonstration of this effect was first carried out by …
本文首次对这种效应进行了实验演示。 - Thirty years later, Smith (1974) reported three cases of ….
三十年后,史密斯(1974年)报告了三例…。 - In 1984, Jones et al. made several amino acid esters of X and evaluated them as …
1984年,琼斯等人合成了 x 的几个氨基酸酯,并将它们评价为…。 - Between 1933 and 1945, restrictions were placed on German academics.
1933年至1945年间,德国学者受到了限制。 - Towards the end of the 19th century, authorities in X placed restrictions on academics.
到了19世纪末,x 国的权威机构对学者实行了限制。 - In the second half of the 19th century, authorities in X placed restrictions on academics.
在19世纪下半叶,x 国当局对学者实行了限制。 - At the start of the 19th century, authorities in X placed restrictions on academics.
19世纪初,x 国当局对学者实行限制。 - At the beginning of the 19th century, authorities in X placed restrictions on academics.
在19世纪初,x 国当局对学者实行了限制。 - In the 1930s, Fleming was named one of the 100 Most Important People of the century.
20世纪30年代,弗莱明被评为本世纪100位最重要的人物之一。 - Following World War I, Fleming was named one of the 100 Most Important People of the century.
第一次世界大战之后,弗莱明被评为本世纪最重要的100人之一。 - Following World War I, Fleming actively searched for anti-bacterial agents.
第一次世界大战之后,弗莱明积极地寻找抗菌剂。 - The link between X and Y was established in 2000 by Smith et al.
X 和 y 之间的联系是由史密斯等人在2000年建立的。 - Smith and Jones (1994) were the first to describe X, and reported that …
史密斯和琼斯(1994)是第一个描述 x 的人,他们报告说…。 - In the 1950s, Smith pointed to some of the ways in which …
在20世纪50年代,史密斯指出了…。 - In 1975, Smith et al. published a paper in which they described …
1975年,史密斯等人发表了一篇论文,其中他们描述了… …。 - In 1981, Smith and co-workers demonstrated that X induced in vitro resistance to …
在1981年,史密斯和他的同事证明了 x 在体外诱导对…。
现在完成时
- Up to now, the research has tended to focus on X rather than on Y.
到目前为止,研究主要集中在 x 上而不是 y 上。 - Recently, these questions have been addressed by researchers in many fields.
最近,这些问题已经被许多领域的研究人员所解决。 - To date, little evidence has been found associating X with Y.
迄今为止,几乎没有证据表明 x 与 y 有关。 - Until recently, there has been little interest in X.
直到最近,人们对 x 还没有什么兴趣。 - Over the past century there has been a dramatic increase in …
在过去的一个世纪里…。 - The past decade has seen the rapid development of X in many …
在过去的十年中,x 在许多领域得到了迅速的发展。 - So far, three factors have been identified as being potentially important: X, Y, and Z.
到目前为止,有三个因素被认为是潜在的重要因素: x,y 和 z。 - Since 1965, these four economies have doubled their share of world production and trade.
自1965年以来,这四个经济体在世界生产和贸易中所占的份额增加了一倍。 - In recent years, researchers have investigated a variety of approaches to X but …
近年来,研究人员已经研究了 x 的各种方法,但是…。 - Over the past 30 years there has been a significant increase in …
在过去的30年里… … 有了显著的增长。 - Over the past few decades, the world has seen the stunning transformation of X, Y and Z.
在过去的几十年里,世界目睹了 x,y 和 z 惊人的转变。
现在完成时描述最近发生
- Several studies have revealed that …
一些研究表明…。 - The relationship between X and Y has been widely investigated (Smith, 1985, Jones, …
X 和 y 之间的关系已被广泛研究(史密斯,1985,琼斯,…。 - The new material has been shown to enhance cooling properties (Smith, 1985, Jones, 1987).
这种新材料已被证明可以提高冷却性能(史密斯,1985,琼斯,1987)。 - A considerable amount of literature has been published on X.
在 x 上发表了大量的文献。 - Invasive plants have been identified as major contributing factors for the decline of …
外来入侵植物被认为是导致黄瓜枯萎病发病率下降的主要因素。 - There have been several investigations into the causes of illiteracy (Smith, 1985; Jones, 1987).
对文盲的原因进行了几次调查(史密斯,1985; 琼斯,1987) 。