前段时间项目有一个在线预览office文档的需求，做了一个小栗子，和大家一起学习学习！如何实现这个功能呢？我总结了几个方案：
方案一：将需要转换的文档通过office组件转换成html查看
方案二：将需要转换的文档通过office组件转换成pdf查看
方案三：通过在服务器部署微软的office web apps进行文档预览 参考网页：
https://www.cnblogs.com/yanweidie/p/4516164.html方案四：office 在线预览服务
方案五：使用网上很多收费或者不收费的第三方插件
我使用的是方案一，也试过方案二和方案三，相比而言，转换成html比转换成pdf的效率要快很多，只是页面没有pdf美观，而在服务器部署office web apps配置失败了，所以选择放弃。
以下是方案一的案例:
1.首先引入com组件中office库，然后在程序集扩展中引入word的dll，我本来是想使用.net core做这个在线预览offce文档，结果发现.net core 并没有office库，可能是我没有找到
值得注意的是，虽然项目里引入office库，但运行项目后，发现会遇到各种问题，原因是office库并没有你电脑的office应用匹配，所以需要在电脑需要部署office插件
1.行栏中输入命令：dcomcnfg，打开组件服务管理窗口，组件服务->我的电脑->DCOM配置
2.找到Microsoft Excel Application 设置属性标识：交互式用户，在安全了的三个配置全选自定义配置，添加Everyone 组，给这个组的权限都勾选未允许，
3.再找到 Microsoft PowerPoint 幻灯片 权限设置和第二步一样
4.再找到Microsoft Word 97 - 2003 文档 权限设置和第二步一样 （可能office版本不同）
5.在项目的webconfig 里 <system.web> 下 添加 ， userName、password为服务器的对应账号密码
查了很多资料，亲测可用 参考网页：https://www.cnblogs.com/5426z/articles/4865312.html
2.预览Excel
/// 预览Excel
/// </summary>
/// <param name="physicalPath">解码的地址</param>
/// <param name="url"></param>
public string PreviewExcel(string physicalPath, string url)
{
var resultUrl = string.Empty;
var serverUrl = string.Empty;
try
{
Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application application = null;
//参数
Workbook workbook = null;
application = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.Application();
object missing = Type.Missing;
object trueObject = true;
application.Visible = false;
application.DisplayAlerts = false;
workbook = application.Workbooks.Open(physicalPath, missing, trueObject, missing, missing, missing,
missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing, missing);
object format = XlFileFormat.xlHtml;
string htmlName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(physicalPath) + ".html";
String outputFile = Path.GetDirectoryName(physicalPath) + "\\" + htmlName;
workbook.SaveAs(outputFile, XlFileFormat.xlHtml, null, null, false, false,
XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, null, null, null, null, null);
workbook.Close();
application.Quit();
resultUrl = Path.GetDirectoryName(url) + "\\" + htmlName;
var lastUrl = Path.GetFileName(resultUrl);
resultUrl = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ResultUrl"] + lastUrl;
serverUrl = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServerUrl"];
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
this.Write(ex);
}
return serverUrl + resultUrl;
}
4.预览Word
> /// 预览Word（HtmL类型）
> /// </summary>
> /// <param name="physicalPath"></param>
> /// <param name="url"></param>
> /// <returns></returns>
> public string PreviewWord(string physicalPath, string url)
> {
>
> var resultUrl = string.Empty;
> var serverUrl = string.Empty;
> object outputFile1 = new object();
> object missing1 = new object();
> //检查doc 是否被实例化
> var idd = 0;
> var ss = 1;
> try
> {
> Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word._Application application = null;
> Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word._Document doc = null;
> application = new Microsoft.Office.Interop.Word.Application();
> //参数
> object missing = Missing.Value;
> object trueObject = true;
> application.Visible = false;
> application.DisplayAlerts = WdAlertLevel.wdAlertsNone;
> object physicalPathObj = physicalPath;
> //实例化
> doc = application.Documents.Open(ref physicalPathObj, ref missing, ref trueObject, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing,
> ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref
> missing);
> string htmlName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(physicalPath) + ".html";
> object outputFile = Path.GetDirectoryName(physicalPath) + "\\" + htmlName;
> object format = WdSaveFormat.wdFormatHTML;
> outputFile1 = outputFile;
> missing1 = missing;
> idd = doc.DocID;
> ss = doc.CompatibilityMode;
> //转换并保存
> doc.SaveAs(ref outputFile, ref format, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing,
> ref missing, XlSaveAsAccessMode.xlNoChange, ref missing,
> ref missing, ref missing, ref missing, ref missing);
> doc.Close();
> application.Quit();
> //返回137的路径
>
> resultUrl = Path.GetDirectoryName(url) + "\\" + htmlName;
> var lastUrl = Path.GetFileName(resultUrl);
> resultUrl = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ResultUrl"] + lastUrl;
> serverUrl = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServerUrl"];
> }
> catch (Exception ex)
> {
> this.Write(ex, $"{outputFile1}+{missing1}+{idd.ToString()}+{ss.ToString()}+{physicalPath}");
>
> }
> return serverUrl + resultUrl; }
5.预览ppt，我使用的是Presentation库
#region 预览ppt（使用Presentation插件）
/// <summary>
/// ppt转html
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public string PptToHtml(string url)
{
var resultUrl = string.Empty;
var serverUrl = string.Empty;
string htmlName = Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(url) + ".html";
String outputFile = Path.GetDirectoryName(url) + "\\" + htmlName;
//实例化Presentation类，加载文件
Spire.Presentation.Presentation ppt = new Spire.Presentation.Presentation();
try
{
//打开文件
ppt.LoadFromFile(url);
//保存文件为HTML
ppt.SaveToFile(outputFile, FileFormat.Html);
}`在这里插入代码片`
catch (Exception ex)
{
this.Write(ex);
}
//得到返回的html地址
resultUrl = Path.GetDirectoryName(url) + "\\" + htmlName;
var lastUrl = Path.GetFileName(resultUrl);
resultUrl = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ResultUrl"] + lastUrl;
serverUrl = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServerUrl"];
return serverUrl + resultUrl;
}
6.将需要预览的文档转换成html流后下载到服务器，进行预览，因为浏览器不支持预览本地的文件。
#region Http下载文件
/// <summary>
/// Http下载文件(返回保存路劲)
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">下载的oss路径</param>
public async Task<Result> HttpDownloadFile(string url)
{
var result = new Result();
var urlSpilt = string.Empty;
var dataNow = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmssfff");
if (url.IndexOf('?') > 0)
urlSpilt = url.Substring(0, url.IndexOf('?'));
var urlStr = Path.GetFileName(urlSpilt);
var key = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["UrlKey"];
//路径
string path = key + dataNow + urlStr;
try
{
// 设置参数
HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
//发送请求并获取相应回应数据
HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
//直到request.GetResponse()程序才开始向目标网页发送Post请求
Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream();
//创建本地文件写入流
Stream stream = new FileStream(path, FileMode.Create);
byte[] bArr = new byte[1024];
int size = await responseStream.ReadAsync(bArr, 0, (int)bArr.Length);
while (size > 0)
{
stream.Write(bArr, 0, size);
size = await responseStream.ReadAsync(bArr, 0, (int)bArr.Length);
}
stream.Close();
responseStream.Close();
result.Url = path;
result.IsSuccure = true;
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
this.Write(ex);
result.IsSuccure = false;
result.Message = "操作失败，请检查文件路径及文件格式是否正确";
}
return result;
}
#endregion
7.错误日志
/// 错误日志
/// </summary>
/// <param name="ex"></param>
/// <param name="message">打印其他信息，看插件是否实例化</param>
public void Write(Exception ex, string message = "")
{
var SaveKey = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["UrlKey"];
string filePath = SaveKey + DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyyMMddHHmmss") + ".txt";
FileStream fs = System.IO.File.Create(filePath);
StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs);
//开始写入
sw.WriteLine("异常信息=" + ex.Message);
sw.WriteLine(ex.StackTrace);
sw.WriteLine($"自定义消息：{message}");
//清空缓冲区
sw.Flush();
//关闭流
sw.Close();
fs.Close();
}
复制代码
8.返回在服务器上已经转换成功的html文件路径
/// 返回最终结果的html
/// </summary>
/// <param name="url">oss路径</param>
public async Task<Result> GetResultUrl(string url)
{
var SaveKey = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["UrlKey"];
Result result = new Result();
Helper helper = new Helper();
try
{
string physicalPath = Server.UrlDecode(url);
//去除url后的参数
if (physicalPath.IndexOf('?') > 0)
physicalPath = physicalPath.Substring(0, physicalPath.IndexOf('?'));
string extension = Path.GetExtension(physicalPath);
switch (extension.ToLower())
{
case ".xls":
case ".xlsx":
var resultPathExel = await helper.HttpDownloadFile(url);
if (resultPathExel != null && !resultPathExel.IsSuccure)
{
result.IsSuccure = false;
result.Message = resultPathExel.Message;
return result;
}
//转换成html流
string physicalPath1 = Server.UrlDecode(resultPathExel.Url);
result.Url = helper.PreviewExcel(physicalPath1, resultPathExel.Url);
result.State = (int)Etype.Html;
result.IsSuccure = true;
break;
case ".doc":
case ".docx":
var resultPathWord = await helper.HttpDownloadFile(url);
if (resultPathWord != null && !resultPathWord.IsSuccure)
{
result.IsSuccure = false;
result.Message = resultPathWord.Message;
return result;
}
//转换成html流
string physicalPath2 = Server.UrlDecode(resultPathWord.Url);
result.Url = helper.PreviewWord(physicalPath2, resultPathWord.Url);
result.State = (int)Etype.Html;
result.IsSuccure = true;
break;
case ".ppt":
case ".pptx":
var resultPathPPT = await helper.HttpDownloadFile(url);
if (resultPathPPT != null && !resultPathPPT.IsSuccure)
{
result.IsSuccure = false;
result.Message = resultPathPPT.Message;
return result;
}
string physicalPath3 = Server.UrlDecode(resultPathPPT.Url);
result.Url = helper.PptToHtml(physicalPath3);
result.State = (int)Etype.Html;
result.IsSuccure = true;
break;
case ".txt":
result.Url = url;
result.State = (int)Etype.Html;
result.IsSuccure = true;
break;
case ".pdf":
var resultFile = await helper.HttpDownloadFile(url);
if (resultFile != null && !resultFile.IsSuccure)
{
result.IsSuccure = false;
result.Message = resultFile.Message;
return result;
}
//截取web后的地址
var urlStr = Path.GetFileName(resultFile.Url);
result.Url = urlStr;
result.State = (int)Etype.pdf;
result.IsSuccure = true;
break;
case ".jpg":
case ".jpeg":
case ".bmp":
case ".gif":
case ".png":
result.Url = url;
result.State = (int)Etype.Html;
result.IsSuccure = true;
break;
default:
result.Url = url;
result.State = (int)Etype.other;
result.IsSuccure = true;
break;
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
helper.Write(ex);
}
return result;
}
9.在页面预览
/// 首页
/// </summary>
/// <param name="fileurl">文件网络地址</param>
/// <returns></returns>
public async Task<ActionResult> Index(string fileurl)
{
Helper helper = new Helper();
var serverUrl = ConfigurationManager.AppSettings["ServerUrl"];
string viewUrl = string.Empty;
var result = new Result();
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(fileurl))
{
result.IsSuccure = false;
result.Message = "请输入需要预览的文件地址";
return Json(result, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
}
//压缩包提示解压
if (fileurl.IndexOf('?') > 0)
fileurl = fileurl.Substring(0, fileurl.IndexOf('?'));
string extension = Path.GetExtension(fileurl);
if (extension == ".zip")
{
result.IsSuccure = false;
result.Message = "不能预览压缩包文件，请解压后查看";
return Json(result, JsonRequestBehavior.AllowGet);
}//得到最终链接地址
result = await GetResultUrl(fileurl);
if (result.IsSuccure)
{
if (result.State == (int)Etype.Html)
Response.Redirect(result.Url.ToString());
if (result.State == (int)Etype.pdf)
//pdf.js固定的位置
Response.Redirect($"{serverUrl}Content/web/viewer.html?file=Files/{ result.Url}");
}
return View(result);
}
写在最后的话：
虽然pdf文件可以在谷歌内核打开，但是其他的浏览器是不可以 的比如QQ浏览器，同时我也需要兼容手机端，所以我吧谷歌使用的pdf.js插件搞了过来，大家可以学习一下这个插件，将这个插件部署在自己的项目中，就拥有了谷歌同样预览pdf文件的功能了。
参考资料：https://blog.csdn.net/AresonZ/article/details/81873509
这个小栗子的弊端是不能很多个文件同时预览，会很耗服务器资源，后来我进行了优化，加了冥等性和锁，同时也加了多线程。总之，第一次写博客，和大家交流学习一下，有什么不对的地方希望大家指出。
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