前言
pytest是一个非常成熟的全功能的Python测试框架,适合从简单的单元到复杂的功能测试,主要特点有以下几点:
- 简单灵活,容易上手;
- 支持参数化;
- 能够支持简单的单元测试;
- 标记测试功能与属性
- 复杂的功能测试,比如可以做selenium等自动化测试、接口自动化测试(pytest+requests);
- pytest具有很多第三方插件,并且可以自定义扩展,比较好用的如pytest-selenium(集成selenium)、pytest-html(完美html测试报告生成)等;
- Skip和xfail:处理不成功的测试用例;
- 可以很好的和jenkins集成;
- 通过xdist插件分发测试到多个CPU
一、简介
1、环境搭建推荐版本匹配:pip install pytest==3.6.3
- Python3.6.x + pytest 3.6.3
- Python3.7.x + pytest 4.0.2
2、查看版本:pytest --version
C:\Users\Administrator>pytest --version
This is pytest version 3、6、3, imported from d:\path_python\lib\site-packages\pytest、py
3、pytest 命名规则:
- 文件名以test_*、py 或 *_test、py
- 类已 Test* 开头
- 函数/方法以 test_* 开头
4、pytest 直接写用例,写完 cmd 运行,不需要导入其他模块。
G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study>pytest -s test_demo1.py
================================================= test session starts =================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.6.0
rootdir: G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study, inifile:
collected 2 items
test_demo1.py
我是用例:a
.
我是用例:b
.============================================== 2 passed in 0.02 seconds ===============================================
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/d8699d3830731aee539a319104f10ad4.png)
二、pytest 命令行参数介绍
1、运行规则:pytest py文件路径
C:\Users\Administrator>pytest G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study\test_demo.py
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.6.0
rootdir: C:\Users\Administrator, inifile:
collected 4 items
test_demo.py .... [100%]
========================== 4 passed in 0.03 seconds ===========================
2、显示打印信息(不然不会看到打印内容):pytest -s xxx
G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study>pytest -s test_demo1.py
================================================= test session starts =================================================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.6.0
rootdir: G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study, inifile:
collected 2 items
test_demo1.py
我是用例:a
.
我是用例:b
.
============================================== 2 passed in 0.02 seconds ===============================================
3、显示详细信息:pytest -v xxx
G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study>pytest test_demo1.py -v
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.6.0 -- d:\path_python\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study, inifile:
collected 2 items
test_demo1.py::Test_api::test_a PASSED [ 50%]
test_demo1.py::Test_api::test_b PASSED [100%]
========================== 2 passed in 0.02 seconds ===========================
4、简洁显示信息:pytest -q xxx
G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study>pytest test_demo1.py -q
.. [100%]
2 passed in 0.02 seconds
5、运行指定用例:pytest -k case_name (case_name可类可函数,模糊匹配关键字),如下匹配 demo
G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study>pytest -k demo -v
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.6.5, pytest-3.6.3, py-1.8.0, pluggy-0.6.0 -- d:\path_python\python.exe
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: G:\python_study\study\pytest_demo\study, inifile:
collected 11 items / 5 deselected
test_demo.py::test_ab PASSED [ 16%]
test_demo.py::test_aba PASSED [ 33%]
test_demo.py::Test_api::test_aa PASSED [ 50%]
test_demo.py::Test_api::test_b PASSED [ 66%]
test_demo1.py::Test_api::test_a PASSED [ 83%]
test_demo1.py::Test_api::test_b PASSED [100%]
=================== 6 passed, 5 deselected in 0.06 seconds ====================
6、命令行参数不分顺序,还有其他命令行参数,不一一细说:
- 运行类用例且不运行类某个用例:pytest -v -k "Test_api1 and not test_a"
- 失败停止测试:pytest -x
- 指定个数失败后停止测试:pytest --maxfail=2
- 运行上一次失败用例(或没失败的):pytest --last-failed
- 等等
7、pycharm 设置 pytest 运行用例:
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/bb1dd381761572eeb64fa921bc04038d.png)
更多请查看 pytest -h 或者找度娘,我们一般用以上的参数够日常使用了。欢迎来QQ交流群:482713805