列表的创建
1.直接赋值创建:x = […],以逗号间隔元素
2.利用range函数:x = list(range()),其中range([start,] stop[, step=1])
3利用x=[0]创建:
x = [0] * 3 ;
x = [[0] *3] *5
4.利用推导式创建:
x = [i ** 2 for i in range(1, 10)]
x = [[0 for col in range(3)] for row in range(4)]
5.创建空列表:empty = []
向列表中添加元素
list.append(obj)
x = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
x.append(['Thursday', 'Sunday'])
print(x)
# ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', ['Thursday', 'Sunday']]
list.extend(seq)
x = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
x.extend(['Thursday', 'Sunday'])
print(x)
# ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday', 'Thursday', 'Sunday']
list.insert(index, obj)
x = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
x.insert(2, 'Sunday')
print(x)
# ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Sunday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
删除列表中的元素
list.remove(obj)
list.pop([index=-1])
del var1[, var2 ……]
x = ['Monday', 'Tuesday', 'Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
del x[0:2]
print(x) # ['Wednesday', 'Thursday', 'Friday']
获取列表中的元素
列表的常用操作符
列表的其他方法
list.count(obj) 统计某个元素在列表中出现的次数
list.index(x[, start[, end]]) 从列表中找出某个值第一个匹配项的索引位置
list1 = [123, 456] * 5
print(list1.index(123)) # 0
print(list1.index(123, 1)) # 2
print(list1.index(123, 3, 7)) # 4
list.reverse() 反向列表中的元素
list.sort(key=None, reverse=False)对原列表进行排序
def takeSecond(elem):
return elem[1]
x = [(2, 2), (3, 4), (4, 1), (1, 3)]
x.sort(key=takeSecond)
print(x)
# [(4, 1), (2, 2), (1, 3), (3, 4)]
x.sort(key=lambda a: a[0])
print(x)
# [(1, 3), (2, 2), (3, 4), (4, 1)]