java网络编程

网络编程概述

计算机网络：计算机网络是指将地理位置不同的具有独立功能的多台计算机及其外部设备，通过通信线路连接起来，在网络操作系统，网络管理软件及网络通信协议的管理和协调下，实现资源共享和信息传递的计算机系统。

网络编程目的： 数据交换与通信。

网络通信要素

• 通信双方地址: ip、端口号
• 通信协议：TCP/IP四层、OSI七层

IP

唯一定位一台网络计算机。
本机localhost为127.0.0.1.
ipv4 4个字节，0~255，已经用尽。
ipv6 128位
公网（互联网）-- 私网（局域网）
ABCD类地址

端口

表示计算机上一个程序的进程：

• TCP,UDP：各有0~65535端口
• 单个协议上端口号不能相同
• 公用端口：0~1023
  - HTTP: 80
  - HTTPS: 443
• 程序注册端口：1024~49151
  - Tomcat：8080
  - Mysql：3306
  - ORacle：1521
• 动态、私有：49152~65535

通信协议

应用层，传输层，网络层，数据链路层

TCP/IP协议：

• TCP： 用户传输协议
• UDP：用户数据报协议
• IP：网络互连协议

TCP连接：打电话

• 需要双方连接,稳定
• 客户端，服务端
• 三次握手，四次挥手
• 传输完成，释放连接，效率低

UDP连接：发短信

• 不连接不稳定

三次握手：

• A 你瞅啥
• B 瞅你咋地
• A 干一场

四次挥手:

• A 我要走了
• B 你真的要走了嘛
• B 你真的一定要走嘛
• A 我真的要走了

TCP

package com.example.net.tcp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;

/**
 * @author yaoLei
 * @date 2021/2/3
 **/
public class TcpClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1.知道服务器地址
        try {
            InetAddress loaclhost =
                    InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
            //2.创建socket连接
            int port = 9999;
            Socket socket = new Socket(loaclhost, port);
            //3.发送消息，通过IO流
            OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();

            os.write("客户端发送了消息".getBytes());
            os.close();
            socket.close();
        } catch (UnknownHostException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
package com.example.net.tcp;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.util.Arrays;

/**
 * @author yaoLei
 * @date 2021/2/3
 **/
public class TcpServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //1。创建服务器地址
        try {
            ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
            //2.等待客户端连接
            Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
            //3.读取客户端信息
            InputStream is = accept.getInputStream();
            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);
            char[] chars = new char[1];
            while ((isr.read(chars)) != -1) {
                System.out.print(chars);
            }
            isr.close();
            is.close();
            accept.close();
            serverSocket.close();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

UDP

public class TestUdp {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.建立一个socket
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();

        //2.建立包
        String msg = "你好";
        //3.发送地址
        InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
        int port = 9090;

        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, port);
        //4.发送包
        socket.send(packet);
        //5.关闭
        socket.close();
    }
}

public class UdpServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        //1.开放端口
        DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
        //2.接受数据包
        byte[] bytes = new byte[1024];
        DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(bytes,0,bytes.length);
        //3.阻塞接收
        socket.receive(packet);

        System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
        System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(),0,packet.getLength()));
        //4.关闭连接
        socket.close();
    }
}

UDP多线程实现聊天

发送消息功能

public class TalkSend implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    BufferedReader reader = null;

    private int fromPort;
    private String toIP;
    private int toPort;

    public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
        this.fromPort = fromPort;
        this.toIP = toIP;
        this.toPort = toPort;

        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
            reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            try {
                String data = reader.readLine();
                byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
                socket.send(packet);
                System.out.println(data);
                if ("bye".equals(data)) {
                    break;
                }
            }catch (Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

接收消息功能

public class TalkReceive implements Runnable {
    DatagramSocket socket = null;
    private int port;
    private String msgFrom;

    public TalkReceive(int port,String msgFrom) {
        this.port = port;
        this.msgFrom = msgFrom;
        try {
            socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
        } catch (SocketException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        while (true) {
            try {
                //接收包
                byte[] container = new byte[1024];
                DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container,0,container.length);
                socket.receive(packet);

                //断开连接
                byte[] data = packet.getData();
                String receiveDate = new String(data,0,data.length);
                System.out.println(msgFrom+": "+receiveDate);

                if ("bye".equals(receiveDate)){
                    break;
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

调用功能

public class TalkStudent {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(7777,"localhost",9999)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(8888,"老师")).start();
    }
}

public class TalkTeacher {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Thread(new TalkSend(5555,"localhost",8888)).start();
        new Thread(new TalkReceive(9999,"学生")).start();
    }
}