Linux常用指令

学习Linux：http://www.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Teaching/Unix/unix2.html

输入 % man +操作指令 即可获得该指令的说明手册

eg:

man find

Command	Meaning
ls	list files and directories
ls -a	list all files and directories
mkdir	make a directory
cd directory	change to named directory
cd	change to home-directory
cd ~	change to home-directory
cd ..	change to parent directory
pwd	display the path of the current directory
Command	Meaning
cp file1 file2	copy file1 and call it file2
mv file1 file2	move or rename file1 to file2
rm file	remove a file
rmdir directory	remove a directory
cat file	display a file
less file	display a file a page at a time  q to quit
head file	display the first few lines of a file
tail file	display the last few lines of a file
grep 'keyword' file	search a file for keywords
wc file	count number of lines/words/characters in file
Command	Meaning
command > file	redirect standard output to a file
command >> file	append standard output to a file
command < file	redirect standard input from a file
command1 | command2	pipe the output of command1 to the input of command2
cat file1 file2 > file0	concatenate file1 and file2 to file0
sort	sort data
who	list users currently logged in
Command	Meaning
*	match any number of characters
?	match one character
man command	read the online manual page for a command
whatis command	brief description of a command
apropos keyword	mmatch commands with keyword in their man pages
Command	chmod
Symbol	Meaning
u	user
g	group
o	other
a	all
r	read
w	write (and delete)
x	execute (and access directory)
+	add permission
-	take away permission
% chmod go-rwx biglist	remove read write and execute permissions on the file biglist for the group and others, type
% chmod a+rw biglist	To give read and write permissions on the file biglist to all
Command	Meaning
ls -lag	list access rights for all files
chmod [options] file	change access rights for named file
command &	run command in background
^C	kill the job running in the foreground
^Z	suspend the job running in the foreground
bg	background the suspended job
jobs	list current jobs
fg %1	foreground job number 1
kill %1	kill job number 1
ps	list current processes
kill 26152	kill process number 26152
Command	Meaning
% df .	The df command reports on the space left on the file system.
% du -s *	The du command outputs the number of kilobyes used by each subdirectory. Useful if you have gone over quota and you want to find out which directory has the most files. The -s flag will display only a summary (total size) and the * means all files and directories.
% gzip science.txt	to compress science.txt
% gunzip science.txt.gz	To expand the file, use the gunzip command.
% tar -xvf units-1.74.tar	extract the contents of the tar file
%zcat science.txt.gz	zcat will read gzipped files without needing to uncompress them first.
% zcat science.txt.gz | less	If the text scrolls too fast for you, pipe the output though less .
% file *	file classifies the named files according to the type of data they contain, for example ascii (text), pictures, compressed data, etc..
% diff file1 file2	This command compares the contents of two files and displays the differences.
% find . -name "*.txt" -print	To search for all fies with the extention .txt, starting at the current directory (.) and working through all sub-directories, then printing the name of the file to the screen
% find . -size +1M -ls	To find files over 1Mb in size, and display the result as a long listing,
% history	The C shell keeps an ordered list of all the commands that you have entered. Each command is given a number according to the order it was entered.(show command history list)
% !! % !-3 % !5 % !grep % set history=100	(recall last command) (recall third most recent command) (recall 5th command in list) (recall last command starting with grep) You can increase the size of the history buffer by typing