网络编程（二） Java Socket

Java Socket

概念

“TCP/IP只是一个协议栈，就像操作系统的运行机制一样，必须要具体实现，同时还要提供对外的操作接口。这个就像操作系统会提供标准的编程接口，比如win32编程接口一样，TCP/IP也要提供可供程序员做网络开发所用的接口，这就是Socket编程接口。” 

实际上，传输层的TCP是基于网络层的IP协议的，而应用层的HTTP协议又是基于传输层的TCP协议的，而Socket本身不算是协议，就像上面所说，它只是提供了一个针对TCP或者UDP编程的接口。socket是对端口通信开发的工具,它要更底层一些。

整体流程

示例：客户端输入正方形的边长，服务器端接收到后计算面积并返回给客户端

1、服务端代码

//author qij
public class SocketServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        // 端口号
        int port = 7000;
        // 在端口上创建一个服务器套接字
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);
        // 监听来自客户端的连接
        Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();

        DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
                new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream()));

        DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(
                new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream()));

        do {
            double length = dis.readDouble();
            System.out.println("服务器端收到的边长数据为：" + length);
            double result = length * length;
            dos.writeDouble(result);
            dos.flush();
        } while (dis.readInt() != 0);

        socket.close();
        serverSocket.close();
    }
}

2、客户端代码

//author qij
public class SocketClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws UnknownHostException, IOException {

        int port = 7000;
        String host = "localhost";

        // 创建一个套接字并将其连接到指定端口号
        Socket socket = new Socket(host, port);

        DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
                new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream()));

        DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(
                new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream()));

        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

        boolean flag = false;

        while (!flag) {

            System.out.println("请输入正方形的边长:");
            double length = sc.nextDouble();

            dos.writeDouble(length);
            dos.flush();

            double area = dis.readDouble();

            System.out.println("服务器返回的计算面积为:" + area);

            while (true) {

                System.out.println("继续计算？(Y/N)");

                String str = sc.next();

                if (str.equalsIgnoreCase("N")) {
                    dos.writeInt(0);
                    dos.flush();
                    flag = true;
                    break;
                } else if (str.equalsIgnoreCase("Y")) {
                    dos.writeInt(1);
                    dos.flush();
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        socket.close();
    }
}

拓展

为了能让一个服务器端程序能同时为多个客户提供服务，可以使用多线程机制，每个客户端的请求都由一个独立的线程进行处理。

服务端改写：

//author qij
public class SocketServerM {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        int port = 7000;
        int clientNo = 1;

        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port);

        // 创建线程池
        ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

        try {

            while (true) {
                Socket socket = serverSocket.accept();
                exec.execute(new SingleServer(socket, clientNo));
                clientNo++;
            }

        } finally {
            serverSocket.close();
        }

    }
}

class SingleServer implements Runnable {

    private Socket socket;
    private int clientNo;

    public SingleServer(Socket socket, int clientNo) {
        this.socket = socket;
        this.clientNo = clientNo;
    }

    @Override
    public void run() {

        try {

            DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(
                    new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream()));

            DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(
                    new BufferedOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream()));

            do {

                double length = dis.readDouble();
                System.out.println("从客户端" + clientNo + "接收到的边长数据为：" + length);
                double result = length * length;
                dos.writeDouble(result);
                dos.flush();

            } while (dis.readInt() != 0);

        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            System.out.println("与客户端" + clientNo + "通信结束");
            try {
                socket.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}