生产者和消费者问题 Synchronized 版本，防止虚假唤醒

package com.han.demo01;

public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data data = new Data();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }, "A").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }, "C").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }, "B").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }, "D").start();
    }
}

class Data {
    private int num = 0;

    //等待、业务、唤醒
    public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        if (num != 0) {
            this.wait();
        }
        num++;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + num);
        //通知其他线程，我+1完毕了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //等待、业务、唤醒
    public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        if (num == 0) {
            this.wait();
        }
        num--;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + num);
        //通知其他线程，我-1完毕了
        this.notifyAll();
    }
}

结果：

由于

 if (num != 0) {
   this.wait();
 }

和

 if (num == 0) {
    this.wait();
 }

中采用的都是if判断，后面 this.notifyAll()会导致虚假唤醒。
比如生产者A添加结束后，本意是唤醒消费者线程，但是由于生产者C在它的上一个时间片通过if的仅一次判断之后就一直在等待，而此时被生产者A唤醒了，就会直接进行添加。是的数值变得很大。反之，消费者被虚假唤醒会导致数值变的很小

虚假唤醒：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45668482/article/details/117373700

那么这里需要将if判断改为while判断即可防止虚假唤醒。

package com.han.demo01;

public class TestPC {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Data data = new Data();
        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }, "A").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                try {
                    data.increment();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }, "C").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }, "B").start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
                try {
                    data.decrement();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }, "D").start();
    }
}

class Data {
    private int num = 0;

    //等待、业务、唤醒
    public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
        while (num != 0) {
            this.wait();
        }
        num++;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + num);
        //通知其他线程，我+1完毕了
        this.notifyAll();
    }

    //等待、业务、唤醒
    public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
        while (num == 0) {
            this.wait();
        }
        num--;
        System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "==>" + num);
        //通知其他线程，我-1完毕了
        this.notifyAll();
    }
}

结果：