Mysql_数据的准备

数据的准备

创建一个数据库

create database python_test charset=utf8;

使用一个数据库

use python_test;

显示使用的当前数据库是哪个?

select databases();

创建一个数据表

students表
create table students(
id int unsigned primary key auto_increment not null,
name varchar(20) default ‘’,
age tinyint unsigned default 0,
height decimal(5,2),
gender enum(‘男’,‘女’,‘中性’,‘保密’) default ‘保密’,
cls_id int unsigned default 0,
is_delete bit default 0
);

classes表
create table classes (
id int unsigned auto_increment primary key not null,
name varchar(30) not null
);

查询

查询所有字段

-- select * from 表名;
select * from students;
select * from classes;
select id, name from classes;

查询指定字段

-- select 列1,列2,... from 表名;
select name, age from classes;

使用 as 给字段起别名

-- select 字段 as 名字.... from 表名;
select name as 姓名, age as 年龄 from classes;

select 表名.字段 … from 表名;

select students.name, students.age from students;

可以通过 as 给表起别名

--  select 别名.字段 .... from 表名 as 别名;
select students.name, students.age from students;
select s.name, s.age from students as s;
-- 失败的select students.name, students.age from students as s;

消除重复行

-- distinct 字段
select distinct gender from students;

条件查询

比较运算符

    -- select .... from 表名 where .....

查询大于18岁的信息

    select * from students where age>18;
    select id,name,gender from students where age>18;

查询小于18岁的信息

    select * from students where age<18;

查询小于或等于18岁的信息

select * from students where age<=18;

查询年龄为18岁的所有学生的名字

    select * from students where age=18;

!= 或者 <>

逻辑运算符

and
18到28岁之间所有学生的信息

    select * from students where age>18 and age<28;
    -- 失败select * from students where age>18 and <28;
    -- 失败select * from students where 18<age<28;

18岁以上的女性

    select * from students where age>18 and gender="女";
    select * from students where age>18 and gender=2;

or
18岁以上或者身高查过180(包含)以上

    select * from students where age>18 and height>=180;

not
不在 18岁以上的女性 这个范围内的信息

    select * from students where not age>18 and gender=2;
    select * from students where not (age>18 and gender=2);

年龄不是小于或者等于18 并且是女性

    select * from students where (not age<=18) and gender=2;

模糊查询

like
% 替换1个或者多个
_ 替换1个
查询姓名中 以 “小” 开始的名字

    select name from students where name="小";
    select name from students where name like "小%";

查询姓名中 有"小" 所有的名字

    select name from students where name like "%小%";

查询有2个字的名字

    select name from students where name like "__";

查询有3个字的名字

    select name from students where name like "___";

查询至少有2个字的名字

    select name from students where name like "__%";

rlike 正则
查询以 周开始的姓名

    select name from students where name rlike "^周.*";

查询已 周开始、伦结尾的姓名

    select name from students where name rlike "^周.*伦$";

范围查询

in（1, 3，8 ）表示在一个非连续的范围内
查询 年龄为18、34的名字

    select name,age from students where age=18 or age=34;
    select name,age from students where age=18 or age=34 or age=12;
    select name,age from students where age in (12, 18, 34);

not in 不非连续的范围之内
年龄不是 18、34岁之间的信息

    select name,age from students where age not in (12, 18, 34);

between … and …表示在一个连续的范围内
查询 年龄在18到34之间的信息

    select name,age from students where age between 18 and 34;

not between … and …表示不在一个连续的范围内
查询 年龄不在在18到34之间的的信息

    select * from students where age not between 18 and 34;
    select * from students where not age between 18 and 34;

失败的select * from students where age not (between 18 and 34);

空判断
判空is null
查询身高为空的信息

    select * from students where height is null;
    select * from students where height is NULL;
    select * from students where height is Null;

判非空is not null

    select * from students where height is not null;

排序

order by 字段
asc从小到大排列，即升序
desc从大到小排序，即降序

查询年龄在18到34岁之间的男性，按照年龄从小到到排序

select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=1;
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=1 order by age;
select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=1 order by age asc;

查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性，身高从高到矮排序

select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=2 order by height desc;

order by 多个字段
查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性，身高从高到矮排序, 如果身高相同的情况下按照年龄从小到大排序

select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=2 order by height desc, age asc;

查询年龄在18到34岁之间的女性，身高从高到矮排序, 如果身高相同的情况下按照年龄从小到大排序,
如果年龄也相同那么按照id动大到小排序

select * from students where (age between 18 and 34) and gender=2 order by height desc, age asc, id desc;

按照年龄从小到大、身高从高到矮的排序

select * from students order by age asc, height desc;

聚合函数

总数
count
查询男性有多少人，女性有多少人

select *  from students where gender=1;
select count(*)  from students where gender=1;
select count(*) as 男性人数 from students where gender=1;
select count(*) as 女性人数 from students where gender=2;

最大值
max
查询最大的年龄

select age from students;
select max(age) from students;

查询女性的最高 身高

select max(height) from students where gender=2;

最小值
min

select min(height) from students where gender=1;

求和
sum
计算所有人的年龄总和

select sum(age) from students;

平均值
avg
计算平均年龄

select avg(age) from students;

计算平均年龄 sum(age)/count(*)

select sum(age)/count(*) from students;

四舍五入 round(123.23 , 1) 保留1位小数
计算所有人的平均年龄，保留2位小数

select round(sum(age)/count(*), 2) from students;
select round(sum(age)/count(*), 3) from students;

计算男性的平均身高 保留2位小数

select round(avg(height), 2) from students where gender=1;
-- select round(avg(height), 2) from students where gender=1;

分组

group by
按照性别分组, 查询所有的性别

select name from students group by gender;
select * from students group by gender;
select gender from students group by gender;
-- 失败select * from students group by gender;

计算每种性别中的人数

select gender,count(*) from students group by gender;

计算男性的人数

select gender,count(*) from students where gender=1 group by gender;

group_concat(…)
查询同种性别中的姓名

select gender, group_concat(name) from students where gender=1 group by gender;
select gender, group_concat(name, age, id) from students where gender=1 group by gender;
select gender, group_concat(name, "_", age, " ", id) from students where gender=1 group by gender;

having
查询平均年龄超过30岁的性别，以及姓名 having avg(age) > 30;

select gender, group_concat(name), avg(age) from students group by gender having avg(age)>30;

查询每种性别中的人数多于2个的信息

select gender, group_concat(name) from students group by gender having count(*)>2;

分页

limit start, count
限制查询出来的数据格式

select * from students where gender=1 limit 2;

查询前5个数据

select * from students limit 0,5;

查询id6-10（包含）的书序

select * from students limit 5,5;

每页显示2个，第1个页面

select * from students limit 0,2;

每页显示2个，第2个页面

select * from students limit 2,2;

每页显示2个，第3个页面

select * from students limit 4,2;

每页显示2个，第4个页面

select * from students limit 6,2; -- -----> limit (第N页-1)*每个的个数, 每页的个数;

每页显示2个，显示第6页的信息, 按照年龄从小到大排序
失败select * from students limit 2*(6-1),2;
失败select * from students limit 10,2 order by age asc;

select * from students order by age asc limit 10,2;

select * from students where gender=2 order by age desc limit 0,2;

链接查询

inner join … on

select * from 表A inner join 表B;

select * from students inner join classes;

查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息

select * from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;

按照要求显示姓名、班级

select students.* classes.name from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;
select students.name classes.name from students inner join classes on students.cls_id=classes.id;

给数据表起名字

select s.name c.name from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;  

查询 又能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息, 显示学生的所有信息, 只显示班级名称

select s.*,c.name from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;

在以上的查询中，将班级姓名显示在第1列

select c.name,s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;

查询 有能够对应班级的学生以及班级信息, 按照班级进行排序

-- select c.xxx s.xxx from student as s inner join clssses as c on .... order by ....;
select c.name, s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id order by c.name;

当时同一个班级的时候, 按照学生的id进行从小到大排序

select c.name, s.* from students as s inner join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id order by c.name,s.id;

left join
查询每位学生对应的班级信息

select * from students as s left join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id;

查询没有对应班级信息的学生

-- select ... from xxx as s left join xxx as c on..... where .....
-- select ... from xxx as s left join xxx as c on..... having .....
select s.*, c.name from students as s left join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id where c.name is null;
select s.*, c.name from students as s left join classes as c on s.cls_id=c.id having c.name is null;

right join
将数据表名字互换位置，用left join完成

自关联

省级联动 url:http://demo.lanrenzhijia.com/2014/city0605/

查询所有省份

select * from areas where pid is null;

查询出山东省有哪些市

select * from areas as province inner join areas as city on city.pid=province.aid having province.atitle="山东省";
select province.atitle, city.atitle from areas as province inner join areas as city on city.pid=province.aid having province.atitle="山东省";

查询出青岛市有哪些县城

select * from areas as city inner join areas as province on city.pid=province.aid where province.atitle="青岛市";

子查询

标量子查询
查询出高于平均身高的信息

select * from students where height > (select avg(height) from students);

查询最高的男生信息

select * from students where height = 188;
select * from students where height = (select max(height) from students);

列级子查询
查询学生的班级号能够对应的学生信息

select * from students where cls_id in (1, 2);
select * from students where cls_id in (select id from classes);