C++：多继承和多重继承

5-1 多继承和多重继承

多重继承：

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多继承：

公有继承下：


上图，如果不写public继承，则系统默认为private继承；

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5-2 多重继承代码演示

Person.h

#include <string>
using namespace std;//class也在std里面

class Person
{
public:
	Person(string name = "Jim");
	virtual~Person();
	void play();
protected:
	string m_strName;
};

Person.cpp

#include "Person.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

Person::Person(string name)
{
	m_strName = name;
	cout<<"Person()"<<endl;
}

Person::~Person()
{
	cout<<"~Person()"<<endl;
}

void Person::play()
{
	cout<<m_strName<<endl;
	cout<<"Person - play()"<<endl;
}

Soldier.h

#include "Person.h"

class Soldier:public Person
{
public:
	Soldier(string name = "James",int age = 20);
	virtual~Soldier();
	void work();
protected:
	int m_iAge;
};

Soldier.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "Soldier.h"
using namespace std;

Soldier::Soldier(string name,int age)
{
	m_strName = name;
	m_iAge = age;
	cout<<"Soldier()"<<endl;
}

Soldier::~Soldier()
{
	cout<<"~Soldier()"<<endl;
}

void Soldier::work()
{
	cout<<m_strName<<endl;
	cout<<m_iAge<<endl;
	cout<<"Soldier - work"<<endl;
}

Infantry.h

#include "Soldier.h"

class Infantry:public Soldier
{
public:
	Infantry(string name = "James",int age = 30);
	~Infantry();
	void attack();
};

Infantry.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include "Infantry.h"
using namespace std;

Infantry::Infantry(string name,int age)
{
	m_strName = name;
	m_iAge = age;
	cout<<"Infantry()"<<endl;
}

Infantry::~Infantry()
{
	cout<<"~Infantry()"<<endl;
}


void Infantry::attack()
{
	cout<<m_strName<<endl;
	cout<<m_iAge<<endl;
	cout<<"Infantry - attack()"<<endl;
}

demo.cpp

#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include "Infantry.h"
using namespace std;

void test1(Person p)
{
	p.play();//会实例化临时对象，使用之后会执行析构函数（声明的时候执行的是拷贝构造函数）；
}

void test2(Person &p)
{
	p.play();
}

void test3(Person *p)
{
	p->play();
}

int main()
{
	Infantry i1;
	cout<<endl;
	test1(i1);
	cout<<endl;
	test2(i1);
	cout<<endl;
	test3(&i1);
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

运行结果

Person()
Soldier()
Infantry()

James
Person - play()
~Person()

James
Person - play()

James
Person - play()
请按任意键继续. . .

无论继承的层级有多少层，只要保持直接或者间接的继承关系，子类都与自己的直接父类或者间接父类称之为is a的关系，并且可以通过父类的指针对直接子类或间接子类进行操作；

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5-3 多继承代码演示

Farmer.h

#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Farmer
{
public:
	Farmer(string name = "Jack");
	virtual~Farmer();
	void sow();
protected:
	string m_strName;
};

Farmer.cpp

#include "Farmer.h"
#include<iostream>

Farmer::Farmer(string name)
{
	m_strName = name;
	cout<<"Farmer()"<<endl;
}

Farmer::~Farmer()
{
	cout<<"~Farmer()"<<endl;
}

void Farmer::sow()
{
	cout<<m_strName<<endl;
	cout<<"Farmer - sow()"<<endl;
}

Worker.h

#include <string>
using namespace std;

class Worker
{
public:
	Worker(string code = "001");
	virtual~Worker();
	void carry();
protected:
	string m_strCode;
};

Worker.cpp

#include"Worker.h"
#include<iostream>

Worker::Worker(string code)
{
	m_strCode = code;
	cout<<"Worker()"<<endl;
}

Worker::~Worker()
{
	cout<<"~Worker()"<<endl;
}

void Worker::carry()
{
	cout<<m_strCode<<endl;
	cout<<"Worker - carry()"<<endl;
}

MigrantWorker.h

#include "Farmer.h"
#include "Worker.h"

class MigrantWorker:public Farmer,public Worker
{
public:
	MigrantWorker(string name,string code);
	~MigrantWorker();
};

MigrantWorker.cpp

#include "MigrantWorker.h"
#include <iostream>

MigrantWorker::MigrantWorker(string name,string code):Farmer(name),Worker(code)//先构造的Farmer再构造的Worker
{
	cout<<"MigrantWorker()"<<endl;
}

MigrantWorker::~MigrantWorker()
{
	cout<<"~MigrantWorker()"<<endl;
}

demo.cpp

#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>
#include "MigrantWorker.h"

int main()
{
	MigrantWorker *p = new MigrantWorker("Merry","100");
	cout<<endl;
	p->carry();
	cout<<endl;
	p->sow();
	cout<<endl;
	delete p;
	p = NULL;
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

运行结果

Farmer()
Worker()
MigrantWorker()

100
Worker - carry()

Merry
Farmer - sow()

~MigrantWorker()
~Worker()
~Farmer()
请按任意键继续. . .

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5-4 练习题