装饰者模式

动态地将责任附加到对象上。想要扩展功能，装饰者提供有别于继承的另一种选择。

观察者模式类图

场景解读

一杯咖啡可能要加配料，要加摩卡配料，还是加牛奶，还是两者一起加，这样的咖啡价钱会根据变化不一样，如果不用装饰者模式，很难扩展使结构整洁。如这样加到到某个咖啡类里。

这样的结构且复杂，不利于扩展。

Beverage 饮料类
Espresso 浓咖啡
HouseBlend 首选咖啡(星巴克咖啡名)
CondimentDecorator 调味料抽象类
Milk 牛奶
Mocha 摩卡配料

代码展示

饮料类

饮料类抽象接口
Beverage

package decoratoMode.yinliaomodel;
/**
 * 饮料类
 */
public abstract class Beverage {
    String description = "Unknown Beverage";
    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }
    /**
     * 花费
     * @return
     */
    public abstract double cose();
}

Espresso 浓咖啡

package decoratoMode.yinliaomodel;
/**
 * 浓咖啡
 */
public class Espresso extends Beverage {
    public Espresso() {
        description = "espresso";
    }
    @Override
    public double cose() {
        return 1.99;
    }
}

HouseBlend 首选咖啡(星巴克咖啡名)

package decoratoMode.yinliaomodel;
/**
 * 首选咖啡(星巴克咖啡名)
 */
public class HouseBlend extends Beverage {
    public HouseBlend() {
        description = "houseBlend";
    }
    @Override
    public double cose() {
        return .87;
    }
}

配料类

接口
CondimentDecorator 调味料抽象类

package decoratoMode.tiaoweiliaoModel;
import decoratoMode.yinliaomodel.Beverage;
/**
 * 调味料抽象类
 */
public abstract class CondimentDecorator extends Beverage {
    public abstract String getDescription();
}

Milk

package decoratoMode.tiaoweiliaoModel;
import decoratoMode.yinliaomodel.Beverage;
/**
 * 牛奶
 */
public class Milk extends CondimentDecorator {
    Beverage beverage;
    public Milk(Beverage beverage) {
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }
    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription()+" add milk";
    }
    @Override
    public double cose() {
        return beverage.cose()+0.45;
    }
}

Mocha

package decoratoMode.tiaoweiliaoModel;
import decoratoMode.yinliaomodel.Beverage;
/**
 * 摩卡配料
 */
public class Mocha extends CondimentDecorator {
    Beverage beverage ;
    public Mocha(Beverage beverage) {
        this.beverage = beverage;
    }
    @Override
    public String getDescription() {
        return beverage.getDescription()+" add Mocha";
    }
    @Override
    public double cose() {
        return beverage.cose()+0.3;
    }
}

测试类

package decoratoMode.test;
import decoratoMode.tiaoweiliaoModel.Milk;
import decoratoMode.tiaoweiliaoModel.Mocha;
import decoratoMode.yinliaomodel.Beverage;
import decoratoMode.yinliaomodel.Espresso;
import org.junit.Test;

public class StarbuzzCoffee {
    @Test
    public void test1(){
        Beverage beverage = new Espresso();
        System.out.println(beverage.getDescription()+"$"+beverage.cose());

        //装饰
        beverage = new Mocha(beverage);
        beverage = new Milk(beverage);
        System.out.println(beverage.getDescription()+"$"+beverage.cose());
    }
}

输出结果

espresso$1.99
espresso add Mocha add milk$2.74

总结：

总的来说，挺神奇的，一层包着一层，

设计原则：类应该对扩展开放，对修改关闭

代码github连接

https://github.com/sky5cai/DesignModeTest