Java+Mysql 实现简单的学生管理系统

数据库准备

这里我使用的可视化数据库软件为 Wampserver64 如有需要可自行安装。
进入数据库新建一个status数据库，在该数据库下新建一个status_info数据表，然后添加字段如图：数据库准备完毕，开始编写Java实现基本的增删查改操作。

Java准备

使用软件：IDEA

1. 新建一个java项目：
   打开IDEA，file>new>project>java>next>next>finish
   在src目录下建立如下类关系：
   
2. Status>StuStatus.java：
   StuStatus.java该类是用来声明方法和变量的，主要代码如下：

package Status;

public class StuStatus {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String sex;
    private String academy;
    private String major;
    private String grade;
    private Integer classes;

    public StuStatus(Integer id,String name,String sex,String academy,String major,String grade,Integer classes){
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.sex = sex;
        this.academy = academy;
        this.major = major;
        this.grade = grade;
        this.classes = classes;
    }

    public StuStatus() {

    }

    //声明方法  在这里可以使用快捷键：Alt+Insert 
    //调出Generate 点击Getter and Setter 选择所有变量自动批量插入声明方法
    
    public Integer getId() {return id;}
    public String getName() { return name; }
    public String getSex() {return sex; }
    public String getAcademy() {return academy; }
    public String getMajor() {return major; }
    public String getGrade() { return grade; }
    public Integer getClasses() {return classes; }

    public void  setId(int id) {this.id = id;}
    public void  setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
    public void  setSex(String sex) {this.sex = sex; }
    public void  setAcademy(String academy) {this.academy = academy; }
    public void  setMajor(String major) {this.major = major; }
    public void  setGrade(String grade) {this.grade = grade; }
    public void  setClasses(int classes) {this.classes = classes; }

}

3. Status>statusMain.java
   该类主要用来在窗口显示待操作信息

package Status;
import java.util.Scanner;

public class statusMain {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        statusManager statusManager = new statusManager();
        boolean flag = true;

        while (flag) {
            //界面
            System.out.println("------------");
            System.out.println("欢迎来到学籍管理系统");
            System.out.println("0 显示全部学籍信息");
            System.out.println("1 按学号搜索学生信息");
            System.out.println("2 增加学生信息");
            System.out.println("3 修改学生信息");
            System.out.println("4 删除学生信息");
            System.out.println("5 退出");
            System.out.println("------------");
            System.out.println("请选择：");

            int choice = sc.nextInt();
            //   try/catch
            try {
                if (choice == 5) {
                    System.out.println("您已退出该系统");
                    return;
                } else
                    statusManager.Manage(choice);

            } catch (Exception e) {
                System.out.println(e.getMessage());
            }
        }
        sc.close();
    }
}

4. Status>statusManager.java
   该类目的是用来实现main中的各个方法以及和Dao目录下实现对数据库的操作

package Status;
import Dao.stuDao;

import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.*;

public class statusManager {

    Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);

    public void Manage(int choice) throws Exception{
        switch (choice){
            case 0:
                list();
                break;
            case  1:
                find();
                break;
            case 2:
                add();
                break;
            case 3:
                change();
                break;
            case 4:
                delete();
                break;
            default: {
                throw new Exception("没有该功能，请重新选择！");}
        }
    }


    //获取所有学籍信息
    public void list() {
       
        //查找数据库里的数据
        stuDao dao = new stuDao();
        List<StuStatus> list = dao.getAll();
        System.out.println("学生信息列表如下：");
        for(StuStatus stuStatus : list) {
            System.out.println("学号："+stuStatus.getId()+"姓名："+stuStatus.getName()+" 性别："+stuStatus.getSex()+" 学院："+stuStatus.getAcademy()+"专业："+stuStatus.getMajor()+"年级："+stuStatus.getGrade()+"班级："+stuStatus.getClasses());
        }
    }

    //查询学生信息
    public void find() throws SQLException {
        System.out.println("请输入学生学号id：");
        Integer findId = Integer.valueOf(sc.next());
        stuDao dao = new stuDao();
        if(!dao.judgeExist(findId))
            System.out.println("该学生不存在！");
        else{
            StuStatus stuStatus = dao.find(findId);
            System.out.println("学号："+stuStatus.getId()+"姓名："+stuStatus.getName()+" 性别："+stuStatus.getSex()+" 学院："+stuStatus.getAcademy()+"专业："+stuStatus.getMajor()+"年级："+stuStatus.getGrade()+"班级："+stuStatus.getClasses());
        }
    }

    //添加学生信息
    public void add(){
        stuDao dao = new stuDao();
        System.out.println("请输入要添加的学生学号id：");
        Integer addId = Integer.valueOf(sc.next());
        if(dao.judgeExist(addId))
            System.out.println("该学生已存在！");
        else{
            System.out.println("输入姓名：");
            String name = sc.next();
            System.out.println("输入性别：");
            String sex = sc.next();
            System.out.println("输入学院：");
            String academy = sc.next();
            System.out.println("输入专业：");
            String major = sc.next();
            System.out.println("输入年级：");
            String grade = sc.next();
            System.out.println("输入班级：");
            Integer classes = Integer.valueOf(sc.next());
            dao.add(new StuStatus(addId,name,sex,academy,major,grade,classes));
            System.out.println("查询到如下信息：");
            list();
        }
    }

    //修改学生信息
    public void change(){
        stuDao dao = new stuDao();
        System.out.println("请输入要修改的学生学号id：");
        Integer changeId = Integer.valueOf(sc.next());
        if(!dao.judgeExist(changeId))
            System.out.println("该学生不存在！");
        else {
            StuStatus stuStatus = dao.find(changeId);
            System.out.println("学号："+stuStatus.getId()+"姓名："+stuStatus.getName()+" 性别："+stuStatus.getSex()+" 学院："+stuStatus.getAcademy()+"专业："+stuStatus.getMajor()+"年级："+stuStatus.getGrade()+"班级："+stuStatus.getClasses());
            System.out.println("请输入需要修改学生的信息（只能选择一项）:");
            System.out.println("1、姓名");
            System.out.println("2、性别");
            System.out.println("3、学院");
            System.out.println("4、专业");
            System.out.println("5、年级");
            System.out.println("6、班级");
            Integer changeChoice = Integer.valueOf(sc.next());
            switch (changeChoice){
                case 1:
                    System.out.println("请输入修改后的姓名：");
                    String name = sc.next();
                    dao.changeName(changeId,name);
                    break;
                case 2:
                    System.out.println("请输入修改后的性别：");
                    String sex = sc.next();
                    dao.changeSex(changeId,sex);
                    break;
                case 3:
                    System.out.println("请输入修改后的学院：");
                    String academy = sc.next();
                    dao.changeAcademy(changeId,academy);
                    break;
                case 4:
                    System.out.println("请输入修改后的专业：");
                    String major = sc.next();
                    dao.changeMajor(changeId,major);
                    break;
                case 5:
                    System.out.println("请输入修改后的年级：");
                    String grade = sc.next();
                    dao.changeGrade(changeId,grade);
                    break;
                case 6:
                    System.out.println("请输入修改后的班级：");
                    String classes = sc.next();
                    dao.changeClasses(changeId,classes);
                    break;
            }
            StuStatus stuStatus1 = dao.find(changeId);//返回修改后的信息
            System.out.println("学号："+stuStatus1.getId()+"姓名："+stuStatus1.getName()+" 性别："+stuStatus1.getSex()+" 学院："+stuStatus1.getAcademy()+"专业："+stuStatus1.getMajor()+"年级："+stuStatus1.getGrade()+"班级："+stuStatus1.getClasses());
        }
    }
    //删除学生信息
    private void delete() {
        stuDao dao = new stuDao();
        System.out.println("请输入要删除的学生学号id：");
        Integer deleteId = Integer.valueOf(sc.next());
        if(!dao.judgeExist(deleteId))
            System.out.println("该学生不存在！");
        else{
            dao.delete(deleteId);
            list();
        }
    }
}

5. Dao>MySQLUtils.java
   该类用来连接数据库：

package Dao;

import java.sql.*;

public class MySQLUtils {

    private static String url = "jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/status?serverTimezone=UTC&characterEncoding=utf8&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false";  //url中的status为数据库库名
    private static String user = "root";  //数据库登陆账号
    private static String password = "123456";  //数据库登陆密码
    private static Connection con = null;

        //获取连接
    public static Connection getConn() {
        try {
            // 1.注册驱动
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            // 2.获取连接
            con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return con;
    }

    //关闭连接（有结果集）
    public static void closeConn(Connection conn, Statement stmt, ResultSet rs){
        if(rs != null){
            try {
                rs.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            rs = null;
        }
        if(stmt != null){
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            stmt = null;
        }
        if(conn != null){
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            conn = null;
        }
    }

    //关闭连接（无结果集）
    public static void closeConn(Connection conn, Statement stmt){
        if(stmt != null){
            try {
                stmt.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            stmt = null;
        }
        if(conn != null){
            try {
                conn.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            conn = null;
        }
    }

    //测试连接数据库
    public static void main(String[] args) {
            System.out.print(getConn());
        }

}

6. Dao>stuDao.java
   该类用来实现数据库直接操作：

package Dao;
import Status.StuStatus;

import java.sql.*;
import java.util.*;

public class stuDao {

    //添加学生信息
    public void add(StuStatus stuStatus){
        //需要连接数据库，使用sql语句进行添加
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        try {
            conn = MySQLUtils.getConn();
            String sql = "insert into status_info(id, name, sex, academy, major, grade, classes) values(?,?,?,?,?,?,?)";
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            stmt.setInt(1, stuStatus.getId());
            stmt.setString(2, stuStatus.getName());
            stmt.setString(3, stuStatus.getSex());
            stmt.setString(4, stuStatus.getAcademy());
            stmt.setString(5, stuStatus.getMajor());
            stmt.setString(6, stuStatus.getGrade());
            stmt.setInt(7, stuStatus.getClasses());
            stmt.executeUpdate();
        }
         catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally{
            MySQLUtils.closeConn(conn, stmt);
        }
        System.out.println("添加成功！");
    }

        /**修改学生信息
    连接数据库，foreach进行sql语句替换*/
    //修改学生姓名
    public void changeName(Integer changeId,String name) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        try {
            conn = MySQLUtils.getConn();
            String sql = "update status_info set name = ? where id = ?";
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            stmt.setString(1, name);
            stmt.setInt(2, changeId);
            stmt.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally{
            MySQLUtils.closeConn(conn, stmt);
        }
        System.out.println("姓名修改成功!!");
    }
    //修改学生性别
    public void changeSex(Integer changeId,String sex) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        try {
            conn = MySQLUtils.getConn();
            String sql = "update status_info set sex = ? where id = ?";
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            stmt.setString(1, sex);
            stmt.setInt(2, changeId);
            stmt.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally{
            MySQLUtils.closeConn(conn, stmt);
        }
        System.out.println("性别修改成功!!");
    }
    //修改学生学院
    public void changeAcademy(Integer changeId, String academy) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        try {
            conn = MySQLUtils.getConn();
            String sql = "update status_info set academy = ? where id = ?";
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            stmt.setString(1, academy);
            stmt.setInt(2, changeId);
            stmt.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally{
            MySQLUtils.closeConn(conn, stmt);
        }
        System.out.println("学院修改成功!!");
    }
    //修改学生专业
    public void changeMajor(Integer changeId, String major) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        try {
            conn = MySQLUtils.getConn();
            String sql = "update status_info set major = ? where id = ?";
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            stmt.setString(1, major);
            stmt.setInt(2, changeId);
            stmt.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally{
            MySQLUtils.closeConn(conn, stmt);
        }
        System.out.println("专业修改成功!!");
    }
    //修改学生年级
    public void changeGrade(Integer changeId, String grade) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        try {
            conn = MySQLUtils.getConn();
            String sql = "update status_info set grade = ? where id = ?";
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            stmt.setString(1, grade);
            stmt.setInt(2, changeId);
            stmt.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally{
            MySQLUtils.closeConn(conn, stmt);
        }
        System.out.println("年级修改成功!!");
    }
    //修改学生班级
    public void changeClasses(Integer changeId, String classes) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        try {
            conn = MySQLUtils.getConn();
            String sql = "update status_info set classes = ? where id = ?";
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            stmt.setString(1, classes);
            stmt.setInt(2, changeId);
            stmt.executeUpdate();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally{
            MySQLUtils.closeConn(conn, stmt);
        }
        System.out.println("班级修改成功!!");
    }

    //删除学生信息
    public void delete(Integer deleteId) {
        //连接数据库，sql语句删除
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        try {
            conn = MySQLUtils.getConn();
            String sql = "delete from status_info where id = ?";
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            stmt.setInt(1, deleteId);
            stmt.executeUpdate();
        }
        catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally{
            MySQLUtils.closeConn(conn, stmt);
        }
        System.out.println("删除成功!!");
    }

//数据库操作
    public List<StuStatus> getAll() {
        Connection conn = null;
        Statement stmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        List<StuStatus> stuList = new ArrayList<>();

        try {
            conn = MySQLUtils.getConn();
            String sql = "select * from status_info";
            stmt = conn.createStatement();
            rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
            while (rs.next()) {
                Integer id = rs.getInt("id");
                String name = rs.getString("name");
                String sex = rs.getString("sex");
                String academy = rs.getString("academy");
                String major = rs.getString("major");
                String grade = rs.getString("grade");
                Integer classes = rs.getInt("classes");

                StuStatus stuStatus = new StuStatus(id,name, sex, academy, major, grade, classes);

                stuList.add(stuStatus);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            MySQLUtils.closeConn(conn, stmt, rs);
        }
        return stuList;
    }

    //判断id是否存在
    public boolean judgeExist(Integer stuId){
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        ResultSet rs = null;
        int count = 0;
        try {
            conn = MySQLUtils.getConn();
            String sql = "select count(*) as count from status_info where id = ?";
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            stmt.setInt(1, stuId);
            rs = stmt.executeQuery();
            while(rs.next()){
                count = rs.getInt("count");
            }
        }
        catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally{
            MySQLUtils.closeConn(conn, stmt, rs);
        }
        if(count==0) return false;
        else
            return true;
    }


    //数据库查找
    public StuStatus find(Integer findId) {
        Connection conn = null;
        PreparedStatement stmt = null;
        StuStatus stuStatus = null;
        try{
            conn = MySQLUtils.getConn();
            String sql = "select * from status_info where id = ?";
            stmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
            stmt.setInt(1, findId);
            ResultSet tmpres = stmt.executeQuery();
            stuStatus = new StuStatus();
            while(tmpres.next()){
                stuStatus.setId(tmpres.getInt("id"));
                stuStatus.setName(tmpres.getString("name"));
                stuStatus.setSex(tmpres.getString("sex"));
                stuStatus.setAcademy(tmpres.getString("academy"));
                stuStatus.setMajor(tmpres.getString("major"));
                stuStatus.setGrade(tmpres.getString("grade"));
                stuStatus.setClasses(tmpres.getInt("classes"));
            }
        }catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        finally{
            MySQLUtils.closeConn(conn, stmt);
        }
        return stuStatus;
    }


}

运行调试

目前数据库信息有：

运行程序在控制台输出：

修改部分，考虑到全部修改实际可能性不大，就改成单个信息修改。

该文章内容并非100%来自本人，有借阅其他优秀博客，但是写代码距写博客时间间隔较大，很难找回原来文章链接，如有相似之处请联系修改。
本篇文章也仅仅针对简单的Java+MySQL的增删改查操作，如有写的不正确的地方，欢迎指正。