Netty 基础-双向通信实例及总结

4. 双向通信

4.1 练习

实现一个 echo server，即客户端发什么服务端回什么

编写 server

package com.itcxc.netty.c5;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

/**
 * @author chenxc
 * @date 2021/9/1 22:04
 */
@Slf4j
public class TestEchoService {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new ServerBootstrap()
                .group(new NioEventLoopGroup())
                .channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
                .childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
                    @Override
                    protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder());
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter(){
                            @Override
                            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                                log.debug((String) msg);
                                ch.writeAndFlush(msg);
                                super.channelRead(ctx, msg);
                            }
                        });
                    }
                }).bind(8080);
    }

}

编写 client

package com.itcxc.netty.c5;

import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.Channel;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelHandlerContext;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter;
import io.netty.channel.ChannelInitializer;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.util.Scanner;

/**
 * @author chenxc
 * @date 2021/9/1 22:09
 */
@Slf4j
public class TestEchoClient {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        NioEventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
        Channel channel = new Bootstrap()
                .channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
                .group(group)
                .handler(new ChannelInitializer<NioSocketChannel>() {
                    @Override
                    protected void initChannel(NioSocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringDecoder());
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new StringEncoder());
                        ch.pipeline().addLast(new ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter() {
                            @Override
                            public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
                                log.debug((String) msg);
                                super.channelRead(ctx, msg);
                            }
                        });
                    }
                })
                .connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080))
                .sync()
                .channel();
        channel.closeFuture().addListener(future -> {
            group.shutdownGracefully();
        });

        new Thread(() -> {
            Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
            while (true) {
                String line = scanner.nextLine();
                if ("q".equals(line)) {
                    channel.close();
                    break;
                }
                channel.writeAndFlush(line);
            }
        }).start();

    }
}

💡 读和写的误解

我最初在认识上有这样的误区，认为只有在 netty，nio 这样的多路复用 IO 模型时，读写才不会相互阻塞，才可以实现高效的双向通信，但实际上，Java Socket 是全双工的：在任意时刻，线路上存在A 到 B 和 B 到 A 的双向信号传输。即使是阻塞 IO，读和写是可以同时进行的，只要分别采用读线程和写线程即可，读不会阻塞写、写也不会阻塞读

例如

public class TestServer {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8888);
        Socket s = ss.accept();

        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
                while (true) {
                    System.out.println(reader.readLine());
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }).start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream()));
                // 例如在这个位置加入 thread 级别断点，可以发现即使不写入数据，也不妨碍前面线程读取客户端数据
                for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                    writer.write(String.valueOf(i));
                    writer.newLine();
                    writer.flush();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }).start();
    }
}

客户端

public class TestClient {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        Socket s = new Socket("localhost", 8888);

        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(s.getInputStream()));
                while (true) {
                    System.out.println(reader.readLine());
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }).start();

        new Thread(() -> {
            try {
                BufferedWriter writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(s.getOutputStream()));
                for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                    writer.write(String.valueOf(i));
                    writer.newLine();
                    writer.flush();
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }).start();
    }
}