Docker中修改镜像、容器的存放目录

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系统是CentOS7，DOCKER 1.13版本（之后版本未测试过），以上步骤在该操作系统和Docker版本下已经测试过。

解决方案

在默认情况下，Docker镜像和容器的默认存放位置为:/var/lib/docker

一般根下分区我们不会给太大。镜像和容器越存越多一般我们有两种解决方法:

1. 挂载大分区到/var/lib/docker

一般选择建立逻辑分区lvm，方便后期扩展集体。

• 建立新分区，并格式化

  <pre class="has" name="code"><code class="hljs perl"><ol class="hljs-ln"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># lvcreate -L 300G lv_docker vg_home  </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># mkfs.ext4 /dev/vg_home/lv__docker</span></div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制" onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"></div></pre>
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  <p>挂载新分区到临时挂载点</p>
  
  <pre class="has" name="code"><code class="hljs perl"><ol class="hljs-ln"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># mkdir /mnt/docker  </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># mount /dev/vg_home/lv_docker /mnt/docker/</span></div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制" onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"></div></pre>
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  <p>停掉docker服务后，复制/var/lib/docker下数据到临时挂载点</p>
  
  <pre class="has" name="code"><code class="hljs perl"><ol class="hljs-ln"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># service docker stop  </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># cp -r /var/lib/docker/* /mtn/docker</span></div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制" onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"></div></pre>
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  <p>修改/var/lib/docker为/var/lib/docker.bak，并创建/var/lib/docker</p>
  
  <pre class="has" name="code"><code class="hljs perl"><ol class="hljs-ln"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># mv /var/lib/docker{,.bak} </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># mkdir /var/lib/docker</span></div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制" onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"></div></pre>
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  <p>挂载新分区到/var/lib/docker，并设置开机自动挂载</p>
  
  <pre class="has" name="code"><code class="hljs cs"><ol class="hljs-ln"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[<span class="hljs-meta">root@localhost lib</span>]<span class="hljs-meta"># mount /dev/vg_home/lv_docker /var/lib/docker </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[<span class="hljs-meta">root@localhost lib</span>]<span class="hljs-meta"># vim /etc/fstab</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="4"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">---  </div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="5"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line"> /dev/vg_home/lv_docker /<span class="hljs-keyword">var</span>/lib/docker   ext4    defaults <span class="hljs-number">0</span> <span class="hljs-number">0</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="6"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">----</div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制" onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"></div></pre>
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  <p>启动Docker服务，检查Docker服务是否可用， 数据是否完整</p>
  
  <pre class="has" name="code"><code class="hljs perl"><ol class="hljs-ln"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># /etc/init.d/docker start</span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># docker images  </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="3"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># docker ps -a</span></div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制" onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"></div></pre>
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  <p>确认无误后卸载临时挂载点，删除/var/lib/docker.bak</p>
  
  <pre class="has" name="code"><code class="hljs perl"><ol class="hljs-ln"><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="1"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># umount /mnt/docker  </span></div></div></li><li><div class="hljs-ln-numbers"><div class="hljs-ln-line hljs-ln-n" data-line-number="2"></div></div><div class="hljs-ln-code"><div class="hljs-ln-line">[root@localhost lib]<span class="hljs-comment"># rm -rf /var/lib/docker.bak</span></div></div></li></ol></code><div class="hljs-button {2}" data-title="复制" onclick="hljs.copyCode(event)"></div></pre>
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2. 修改镜像和容器的存放路径

在Docker服务配置文件/etc/docker/daemon.json.中修改镜像和容器存放路径的参数， 在配置文件中加入：

 
 

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     {
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     "registry-mirrors": [
     
     "http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"],
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     "graph": 
     
     "/var/data/docker"
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    
 
    
    
   
   

   
   

    
    

   
   
   
   

    
    

     
     }
    
    
   
   
 
 

具体执行步骤如下：

• 停止Docker服务

[root@localhost lib]# service docker stop
 
 

• 备份数据到新的存放路径

[root@localhost lib]# cp -rf /var/lib/docker /data/
 
 

• 修改备份/var/lib/docker路径

[root@localhost lib]# mv /var/lib/docker{,.bak}
 
 

• 启动Docker服务

[root@localhost lib]# service docker start
 
 

• 测试Docker服务

[root@localhost lib]# docker info
 
 

更多Docker相关教程见以下内容： 

Docker安装应用(CentOS 6.5_x64) http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-07/104595.htm 

Ubuntu 16.04 服务器上配置使用 Docker  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-06/145176.htm 

Ubuntu 15.04下安装Docker  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-07/120444.htm 

Docker 安装实例 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142666.htm 

Docker 创建基础镜像  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/144112.htm 

在 Ubuntu 15.04 上如何安装Docker及基本用法 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-09/122885.htm 

Ubuntu 16.04上Docker使用手记 http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2016-12/138490.htm 

使用Docker分分钟启动常用应用  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-04/142649.htm 

Ubuntu 16.04下Docker修改配置文件不生效解决办法  http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-05/143862.htm 

Docker 的详细介绍：请点这里
Docker 的下载地址：请点这里

本文永久更新链接地址：http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2017-11/148371.htm