小菜鸡android学习篇
以下是我在android开发中遇到的问题,顺便记录以下(默认状态栏为沉浸式状态栏)
1.沉浸式状态栏实现
主题布局theme(我喜欢的方式)
<style name="AppTheme.NoActionBar">
<item name="windowActionBar">false</item>
<item name="windowNoTitle">true</item>
</style>
java代码块
toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar);
if (toolbar != null) {
//设置toolbar高度为本身nav高度+状态栏高度
final ViewTreeObserver vto = toolbar.getViewTreeObserver();
//用于监听测量toolbar的宽高
vto.addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener() {
@Override
public void onGlobalLayout() {
toolbar.getViewTreeObserver().removeOnGlobalLayoutListener(this);
ViewGroup.LayoutParams layoutParams = toolbar.getLayoutParams();
layoutParams.height = toolbar.getMeasuredHeight() + ScreenUtils.getStatusHeight(BaseToolbarActivity.this);
toolbar.setLayoutParams(layoutParams);
}
});
//设置其paddingTop为状态栏高度(注意没有前面一段话后面你可以试试看效果😀)
toolbar.setPadding(0, ScreenUtils.getStatusHeight(this), 0, 0);
2.ScrollView+editText出现软键盘遮挡住编辑框
解决软键盘遮挡编辑框同时也不会导致标题栏被顶上去1
下面时某位大佬的源码,大家可以借鉴以下,特别注意不要用NestedScrollView 会出现问题:
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.graphics.Rect;
import android.os.Build;
import android.util.DisplayMetrics;
import android.view.Display;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewTreeObserver;
import android.view.WindowManager;
import android.widget.FrameLayout;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* @Description: 用于沉静式状态栏editText被遮挡问题(不能用于首页,会出现底部导航栏被顶起的情况)
* @Author: yong
* @time 2020/7/15 18:33
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class AndroidBug5497Workaround {
private final Activity activity;
// For more information, see https://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=5497
// To use this class, simply invoke assistActivity() on an Activity that already has its content view set.
public static void assistActivity(Activity activity) {
new AndroidBug5497Workaround(activity);
}
private View mChildOfContent;
private int usableHeightPrevious;
private FrameLayout.LayoutParams frameLayoutParams;
private int statusBarHeight;//状态栏高度
private AndroidBug5497Workaround(final Activity activity) {
this.activity = activity;
if (checkDeviceHasNavigationBar(activity)) {
//获取状态栏的高度
int resourceId = activity.getResources().getIdentifier("status_bar_height", "dimen", "android");
statusBarHeight = activity.getResources().getDimensionPixelSize(resourceId);
}
//1、找到Activity的最外层布局控件,它其实是一个DecorView,它所用的控件就是FrameLayout
FrameLayout content = (FrameLayout) activity.findViewById(android.R.id.content);
//2、获取到setContentView放进去的View
mChildOfContent = content.getChildAt(0);
//3、给Activity的xml布局设置View树监听,当布局有变化,如键盘弹出或收起时,都会回调此监听
mChildOfContent.getViewTreeObserver().addOnGlobalLayoutListener(new ViewTreeObserver.OnGlobalLayoutListener() {
//4、软键盘弹起会使GlobalLayout发生变化
@Override
public void onGlobalLayout() {
//5、当前布局发生变化时,对Activity的xml布局进行重绘
possiblyResizeChildOfContent(checkDeviceHasNavigationBar(activity));
}
});
//6、获取到Activity的xml布局的放置参数
frameLayoutParams = (FrameLayout.LayoutParams)
mChildOfContent.getLayoutParams();
}
/**
* 重新调整布局高度
* 获取界面可用高度,如果软键盘弹起后,Activity的xml布局可用高度需要减去键盘高度
*
* @param hasNav
*/
private void possiblyResizeChildOfContent(boolean hasNav) {
//1、获取当前界面可用高度,键盘弹起后,当前界面可用布局会减少键盘的高度
int usableHeightNow = computeUsableHeight(hasNav);
//2、如果当前可用高度和原始值不一样
if (usableHeightNow != usableHeightPrevious) {
//3、获取Activity中xml中布局在当前界面显示的高度
int usableHeightSansKeyboard;
if (hasNav) {
usableHeightSansKeyboard = mChildOfContent.getHeight();//兼容华为等机型
} else {
usableHeightSansKeyboard = mChildOfContent.getRootView().getHeight();
//这个判断是为了解决19之前的版本不支持沉浸式状态栏导致布局显示不完全的问题
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
Rect frame = new Rect();
activity.getWindow().getDecorView().getWindowVisibleDisplayFrame(frame);
int statusBarHeight = frame.top;
usableHeightSansKeyboard -= statusBarHeight;
}
}
//4、Activity中xml布局的高度-当前可用高度
int heightDifference = usableHeightSansKeyboard - usableHeightNow;
//5、高度差大于屏幕1/4时,说明键盘弹出
if (heightDifference > (usableHeightSansKeyboard / 4)) {
// keyboard probably just became visible
// 6、键盘弹出了,Activity的xml布局高度应当减去键盘高度
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT && hasNav) {
frameLayoutParams.height = usableHeightSansKeyboard - heightDifference + statusBarHeight;
} else {
frameLayoutParams.height = usableHeightSansKeyboard - heightDifference;
}
} else {
if (hasNav) {
frameLayoutParams.height = usableHeightNow + statusBarHeight;
} else {
frameLayoutParams.height = usableHeightSansKeyboard;
}
}
//7、 重绘Activity的xml布局
mChildOfContent.requestLayout();
usableHeightPrevious = usableHeightNow;
}
}
/**
* 计算mChildOfContent可见高度 ** @return
*/
private int computeUsableHeight(boolean hasNav) {
if (hasNav) {
Rect r = new Rect();
mChildOfContent.getWindowVisibleDisplayFrame(r);
// 全屏模式下:直接返回r.bottom,r.top其实是状态栏的高度
if (r.top < statusBarHeight) {
return r.bottom - statusBarHeight;
} else {
return r.bottom - r.top;
}
} else {
Rect frame = new Rect();
activity.getWindow().getDecorView().getWindowVisibleDisplayFrame(frame);
int statusBarHeight = frame.top;
Rect r = new Rect();
mChildOfContent.getWindowVisibleDisplayFrame(r);
//这个判断是为了解决19之后的版本在弹出软键盘时,键盘和推上去的布局(adjustResize)之间有黑色区域的问题
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
return (r.bottom - r.top) + statusBarHeight;
}
return (r.bottom - r.top);
}
}
/**
* 通过"qemu.hw.mainkeys"判断是否存在NavigationBar
*
* @return 是否有NavigationBar
*/
private static boolean checkDeviceHasNavigationBar(Activity activity) {
boolean hasNavigationBar = false;
Resources rs = activity.getResources();
int id = rs.getIdentifier("config_showNavigationBar", "bool", "android");
if (id > 0) {
hasNavigationBar = rs.getBoolean(id);
}
try {
Class systemPropertiesClass = Class.forName("android.os.SystemProperties");
Method m = systemPropertiesClass.getMethod("get", String.class);
String navBarOverride = (String) m.invoke(systemPropertiesClass, "qemu.hw.mainkeys");
if ("1".equals(navBarOverride)) {
hasNavigationBar = false;
} else if ("0".equals(navBarOverride)) {
hasNavigationBar = true;
} else {
hasNavigationBar = hasNavBar(activity);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
}
return hasNavigationBar;
}
/**
* 根据屏幕真实宽高-可用宽高>0来判断是否存在NavigationBar
*
* @param activity 上下文
* @return 是否有NavigationBar
*/
private static boolean hasNavBar(Activity activity) {
WindowManager windowManager = activity.getWindowManager();
Display d = windowManager.getDefaultDisplay();
DisplayMetrics realDisplayMetrics = new DisplayMetrics();
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
d.getRealMetrics(realDisplayMetrics);
}
int realHeight = realDisplayMetrics.heightPixels;
int realWidth = realDisplayMetrics.widthPixels;
DisplayMetrics displayMetrics = new DisplayMetrics();
d.getMetrics(displayMetrics);
int displayHeight = displayMetrics.heightPixels;
int displayWidth = displayMetrics.widthPixels;
return (realWidth - displayWidth) > 0 || (realHeight - displayHeight) > 0;
}
}
3.android studio报Unknown host 'jcenter.bintray.com'. You may need to adjust the proxy settings in Gradle.
原因:https://jitpack.io
被墙了
解决:https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/jcenter
引用阿里云的。
4.关于toolbar自定义布局问题
- toolbar无法填满左右空白,可以采用以下方法解决(如果你设置了**app:navigationIcon="@mipmap/back"**这个属性你会发现无效果😂)
app:contentInsetEnd="0dp"
app:contentInsetLeft="0dp"
app:contentInsetRight="0dp"
app:contentInsetStart="0dp"
- 如果设置了navigationIcon可以用下面这个属性解决
app:contentInsetStartWithNavigation="0dp"
5.ScrollView与NestedScrollView之间使用心得
- 沉浸式导航栏下,且里面内容过多且有editText,尽量不要使用NestedScrollView,建议使用ScrollView
- 页面内容过多且有recycleView,若想recycleView做到随着里面内容增加而增加,则建议使用NestedScrollView
以上都是我个人看法,具体情况具体实现,大佬们看到给个建议呗
6.tabLayout取消点击效果阴影
7.关于8.0以上通知栏显示问题
步骤:
- 判断是否打开通知栏权限(工具栏Utils)
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Build;
import android.provider.Settings;
import androidx.core.app.NotificationManagerCompat;
/**
* @Description: 判断并请求是否允许通知
* @Author: yong
* @time 2020/7/29 18:55
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class Utils {
public static boolean isPermissionOpen(Context context) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
return NotificationManagerCompat.from(context).getImportance() != NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_NONE;
}
return NotificationManagerCompat.from(context).areNotificationsEnabled();
}
public static void openPermissionSetting(Context context) {
try {
Intent localIntent = new Intent();
localIntent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK);
//直接跳转到应用通知设置的代码:
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
localIntent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APP_NOTIFICATION_SETTINGS);
localIntent.putExtra(Settings.EXTRA_APP_PACKAGE, context.getPackageName());
context.startActivity(localIntent);
return;
}
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {
localIntent.setAction("android.settings.APP_NOTIFICATION_SETTINGS");
localIntent.putExtra("app_package", context.getPackageName());
localIntent.putExtra("app_uid", context.getApplicationInfo().uid);
context.startActivity(localIntent);
return;
}
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT == Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
localIntent.setAction(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
localIntent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT);
localIntent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + context.getPackageName()));
context.startActivity(localIntent);
return;
}
//4.4以下没有从app跳转到应用通知设置页面的Action,可考虑跳转到应用详情页面,
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) {
localIntent.setAction("android.settings.APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS");
localIntent.setData(Uri.fromParts("package", context.getPackageName(), null));
context.startActivity(localIntent);
return;
}
localIntent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_VIEW);
localIntent.setClassName("com.android.settings", "com.android.setting.InstalledAppDetails");
localIntent.putExtra("com.android.settings.ApplicationPkgName", context.getPackageName());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println(" cxx pushPermission 有问题");
}
}
}
- 发送通知(通知栏工具类NotificationUtils)
import android.app.NotificationChannel;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.ContextWrapper;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Build;
import androidx.core.app.NotificationCompat;
import androidx.core.app.NotificationManagerCompat;
/**
* @Description: 通知栏工具类
* @Author: yong
* @time 2020/7/29 18:55
* @Version: 1.0
*/
public class NotificationUtils extends ContextWrapper {
private int notifyId = 0;
private String channelId = "0";
private int smallIcon;
private String title;
private String content;
private NotificationCompat.Builder builder;
private NotificationManager notificationManager;
private NotificationManagerCompat notificationManagerCompat;
private final String[] CHANNEL_NAME = new String[]{
"常规通知"
};
public NotificationUtils(Context context, int smallIcon, String title, String content) {
this(context, 1, null, smallIcon, title, content);
}
public NotificationUtils(Context context, int notifyId, int smallIcon, String title, String content) {
this(context, notifyId, null, smallIcon, title, content);
}
public NotificationUtils(Context context, int notifyId, String channelId, int smallIcon, String title, String content) {
super(context);
this.notifyId = notifyId;
this.channelId = channelId != null ? channelId : this.notifyId + "";
this.smallIcon = smallIcon;
this.title = title;
this.content = content;
baseNotification();
}
private void baseNotification() {
builder = getBuilder(getApplicationContext(), channelId)
.setSmallIcon(smallIcon)
.setContentTitle(title)
.setContentText(content)
.setAutoCancel(true);
}
private NotificationCompat.Builder getBuilder(Context context, String channelId) {
return (builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context, channelId));
}
private NotificationCompat.Builder getBuilder(Context context) {
return (builder = new NotificationCompat.Builder(context));
}
public NotificationCompat.Builder getBuilder() {
return builder;
}
public void notified() {
notify(builder);
}
public void notified(Intent intent) {
PendingIntent pendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(getApplicationContext(), 0, intent, 0);
notify(builder.setContentIntent(pendingIntent));
}
private void notify(NotificationCompat.Builder builder) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
getNotificationManager();
notificationManager.notify(notifyId, builder.build());
} else {
getNotificationManagerCompat();
notificationManagerCompat.notify(notifyId, builder.build());
}
}
private void getNotificationManager() {
notificationManager = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
int importance = NotificationManager.IMPORTANCE_DEFAULT;
NotificationChannel channel = new NotificationChannel(channelId, CHANNEL_NAME[notifyId], importance);
//设置震动声音等
channel.setVibrationPattern(new long[]{0, 1300, 500, 1700});
notificationManager.createNotificationChannel(channel);
}
}
private void getNotificationManagerCompat() {
notificationManagerCompat = NotificationManagerCompat.from(getApplicationContext());
}
//进度通知栏
public void notifyProgress(int max, int progress, String title, String content) {
if (builder != null && progress > 0) {
builder.setContentTitle(title);
builder.setContentText(content);
builder.setProgress(max, progress, false);
notify();
}
}
public void completeProgress(String title, String content) {
notifyProgress(0, 0, title, content);
}
public void cancel(int notifyId) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
notificationManager.cancel(notifyId);
} else {
notificationManagerCompat.cancel(notifyId);
}
}
public NotificationManager getManager() {
return this.notificationManager;
}
}
使用:
//如果通知栏权限已打开
if (Utils.isPermissionOpen(this)) {
//发送一条测试通知
NotificationUtils notificationUtils = new NotificationUtils(this,0,"chanel",R.mipmap.ic_launcher,"title","content");
notificationUtils.notified();
}else {
//跳转到通知界面是否打开通知
Utils.openPermissionSetting(this);
}
以上是参考某某大佬的,因为百度的东西太多,忘了具体是谁的,打扰了,打扰了
8.kotlin中onCreateOptionsMenu方法不执行
解决方法:
//顶部导航栏右侧图标
val toolbar: Toolbar = findViewById(R.id.toolbar)
toolbar.inflateMenu(R.menu.add)
toolbar.setOnMenuItemClickListener { item ->
when (item.itemId) {
R.id.add -> CustomToast.INSTANCE.showToast("添加")
}
false
}
未完待续
该方法用于首页会出现软键盘顶底部导航栏。 ↩︎