目录
一、设计模式分类
总体来说设计模式分为三大类:
创建型模式:工厂模式、抽象工厂模式、单例模式、建造者模式、原型模式。
结构型模式:适配器模式、装饰器模式、代理模式、外观模式、桥接模式、组合模式、享元模式。
行为型模式:策略模式、模板方法模式、观察者模式、迭代子模式、责任链模式、命令模式、备忘录模式、状态模式、访问者模式、中介者模式、解释器模式。
二、适配器模式
2.1 使用场景
从这篇开始我们开始学习结构型模式。适配器模式充当两个不兼容接口之间的桥梁,它通过一个中间件(适配器)将一个类的接口转换成客户期望的另一个接口。请谨慎使用,它主要使用在现有接口基础上。
三、实现
3.1 创建两个接口
public interface MediaPlayer {
public void play(String audioType, String fileName);
}
public interface AdvancedMediaPlayer {
public void playVlc(String fileName);
public void playMp4(String fileName);
}
3.2 实现类 VlcPlayer 和 Mp4Player
public class VlcPlayer implements AdvancedMediaPlayer{
@Override
public void playVlc(String fileName) {
System.out.println("Playing vlc file. Name: "+ fileName);
}
@Override
public void playMp4(String fileName) {
//什么也不做
}
}
public class Mp4Player implements AdvancedMediaPlayer{
@Override
public void playVlc(String fileName) {
//什么也不做
}
@Override
public void playMp4(String fileName) {
System.out.println("Playing mp4 file. Name: "+ fileName);
}
}
3.3 适配器类
public class MediaAdapter implements MediaPlayer {
AdvancedMediaPlayer advancedMusicPlayer;
public MediaAdapter(String audioType){
if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("vlc") ){
advancedMusicPlayer = new VlcPlayer();
} else if (audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("mp4")){
advancedMusicPlayer = new Mp4Player();
}
}
@Override
public void play(String audioType, String fileName) {
if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("vlc")){
advancedMusicPlayer.playVlc(fileName);
}else if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("mp4")){
advancedMusicPlayer.playMp4(fileName);
}
}
}
3.5 创建实现MediaPlayer的实体类
public class AudioPlayer implements MediaPlayer {
MediaAdapter mediaAdapter;
@Override
public void play(String audioType, String fileName) {
//播放 mp3 音乐文件的内置支持
if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("mp3")){
System.out.println("Playing mp3 file. Name: "+ fileName);
}
//mediaAdapter 提供了播放其他文件格式的支持
else if(audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("vlc")
|| audioType.equalsIgnoreCase("mp4")){
mediaAdapter = new MediaAdapter(audioType);
mediaAdapter.play(audioType, fileName);
}
else{
System.out.println("Invalid media. "+
audioType + " format not supported");
}
}
}
3.6 demo
public class AdapterPatternDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
AudioPlayer audioPlayer = new AudioPlayer();
audioPlayer.play("mp3", "beyond the horizon.mp3");
audioPlayer.play("mp4", "alone.mp4");
audioPlayer.play("vlc", "far far away.vlc");
audioPlayer.play("avi", "mind me.avi");
}
}
3.7 输出结果
Playing mp3 file. Name: beyond the horizon.mp3
Playing mp4 file. Name: alone.mp4
Playing vlc file. Name: far far away.vlc
Invalid media. avi format not supported