python3多继承初始化调用方法

python3多继承初始化调用方法，python3广度优先，python2是深度优先

当我们讨论多继承时，一个类可以从多个父类继承属性和方法。在Python中，使用super()可以帮助我们处理复杂的多继承情况，确保每个父类的初始化方法都被正确调用。

下面是一个使用多继承的例子，其中Vehicle类作为基类，而ElectricVehicle和SportsCar作为中间层的父类。最终ElectricSportsCar类将从这两个中间父类继承，并使用super()来调用它们的初始化方法。

示例代码

class Vehicle:
    def __init__(self, name, color):
        self.name = name
        self.color = color
        print(f"Initialized {self.name} as a {self.color} vehicle.")

class ElectricVehicle(Vehicle):
    def __init__(self, name, color, battery_capacity):
        super().__init__(name, color)  # 调用Vehicle的初始化方法
        self.battery_capacity = battery_capacity
        print(f"Initialized {self.name} as an electric vehicle with a {self.battery_capacity} kWh battery.")

class SportsCar(Vehicle):
    def __init__(self, name, color, top_speed):
        super().__init__(name, color)  # 调用Vehicle的初始化方法
        self.top_speed = top_speed
        print(f"Initialized {self.name} as a sports car with a top speed of {self.top_speed} km/h.")

class ElectricSportsCar(ElectricVehicle, SportsCar):
    def __init__(self, name, color, battery_capacity, top_speed):
        super(ElectricSportsCar, self).__init__(name, color, battery_capacity)  # 调用ElectricVehicle的初始化方法
        super(SportsCar, self).__init__(name, color, top_speed)  # 调用SportsCar的初始化方法
        print(f"Initialized {self.name} as an electric sports car with a {self.battery_capacity} kWh battery and a top speed of {self.top_speed} km/h.")

# 创建一个ElectricSportsCar实例
my_electric_sports_car = ElectricSportsCar("Tesla Roadster", "Red", 200, 400)

解释

1. Vehicle 类 - 基础类，定义了所有车辆共有的属性和方法。
2. ElectricVehicle 类 - 继承自 Vehicle 类，添加了电池容量属性。
3. SportsCar 类 - 同样继承自 Vehicle 类，添加了最高时速属性。
4. ElectricSportsCar 类 - 继承自 ElectricVehicle 和 SportsCar 类，结合了两者的特性。

在ElectricSportsCar类中，我们需要明确地调用每个父类的初始化方法，因为Python 3在多继承情况下不再自动调用所有父类的初始化方法。这里我们分别调用了ElectricVehicle和SportsCar的初始化方法。

输出

运行上述代码会得到以下输出：

Initialized Tesla Roadster as a Red vehicle.
Initialized Tesla Roadster as an electric vehicle with a 200 kWh battery.
Initialized Tesla Roadster as a sports car with a top speed of 400 km/h.
Initialized Tesla Roadster as an electric sports car with a 200 kWh battery and a top speed of 400 km/h.

这段输出表明每个父类的初始化方法都已经被正确调用。