7、分组查询
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语法
select 分组函数,列(要求出现在group by 的后面) from 表 【where 筛选条件】 group by 分组的列表 【order by 子句】
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注意:查询列表必须特殊,要求是分组函数和group by 后出现的字段
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特点
1、分组查询中的筛选条件分为两类
数据源 位置
分组前筛选 原始表 group by子句的前面 where
分组后筛选 分组后的结果集 group by子句的后面 having
2、group by 子句支持单个字段分组,多个字段分组(多个字段之间用逗号隔开没有顺序要求),表达式(用得较少)
3、也可以添加排序(排序放在整个 分组查询的最后)
7.1、简单的分组查询
7.1.1、案例1:查询每个工种的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary) ,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
7.1.2、案例2:查询每个位置上的部门个数
SELECT COUNT(*) , location_id
FROM departments
GROUP BY location_id;
7.2、添加筛选条件
7.2.1、案例1:查询邮箱中包含a字符的,每个部门的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary), department_id
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE '%a%'
GROUP BY department_id;
7.2.2、案例2:查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary) ,manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id;
7.3、添加复杂的筛选条件
7.3.1、案例1:查询哪个部门的员工个数 > 2 (用到 HAVING)
#第一步:查询每个部门的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*) , department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
#第二步:根据第一步结果进行筛选,查询哪个部门的员工个数 > 2
SELECT COUNT(*) , department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
HAVING COUNT(*) > 2;
7.3.2、案例2:查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资 > 12000 的工资编号和最高工资
#第一步:查询每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id;
#第二步:根据第一步继续筛选,最高工资 > 12000
SELECT MAX(salary),job_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING MAX(salary) > 12000;
7.3.3、案例3:查询领导编号 > 102的每个领导手的最低工资>5000的领导编号 是哪个,以及其最低工资
#第一步:查询每个领导手下的员工固定最低工资
SELECT MIN(salary), manager_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY manager_id;
#第二步:添加筛选条件,编号 > 102
SELECT MIN(salary), manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id > 102
GROUP BY manager_id;
#第三步:添加筛选条件,最低工资 >5000
SELECT MIN(salary), manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id > 102
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary) > 5000;
7.4、按表达式或函数分组
7.4.1、案例:按员工姓名的长度分组,查询每一组的员工个数,筛选员工个数>5的有哪些
#第一步:查询每个长度的员工个数
SELECT COUNT(*),LENGTH(last_name),last_name
FROM employees
GROUP BY LENGTH(last_name);
#第二步:添加筛选条件
SELECT COUNT(*),LENGTH(last_name),last_name
FROM employees
GROUP BY LENGTH(last_name)
HAVING COUNT(*) > 5;
7.5、按多个字段分组
7.5.1、案例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资
SELECT AVG(salary), job_id,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id,job_id;
7.6、添加排序
7.6.1、案例:查询每个部门每个工种的员工的平均工资,并且按平均工资的高低显示
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id , department_id
FROM employees
WHERE department_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY department_id,job_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC
7.7、练习题
#1. 查询公司员工工资的最大值,最小值,平均值,总和,并按job_id 升序
SELECT MAX(salary),MIN(salary),AVG(salary) ,SUM(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY job_id ASC;
#2. 查询员工表中的最高工资和最低工资的差 (DIFFRENCE)
SELECT MAX(salary),MIN(salary), MAX(salary)-MIN(salary) DIFFRENCE
FROM employees;
#3. 查询各个管理者手下员工的最低工资,其中最低资不能低于6000,没有管理者的员工不计算在内
SELECT MIN(salary),last_name, manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary) >= 6000;
#4、查询所有部门的编号,员工数量和工资平均值,并按平均工资降序
SELECT department_id, COUNT(*) , AVG(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY AVG(salary) DESC;
#5、选择具有各个 job_id 的员工人数
SELECT COUNT(*) ,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id