名词理解 Broker:简单来说就是消息队列服务器实体。
Exchange:消息交换机,它指定消息按什么规则,路由到哪个队列。
Queue:消息队列载体,每个消息都会被投入到一个或多个队列。
Binding:绑定,它的作用就是把exchange和queue按照路由规则绑定起 来。
Routing Key:路由关键字,exchange根据这个关键字进行消息投递。
vhost:虚拟主机,一个broker里可以开设多个vhost,用作不同用户的权 限分离。
producer:消息生产者,就是投递消息的程序。
consumer:消息消费者,就是接受消息的程序。
消息队列的使用过程大概如下:
(1)客户端连接到消息队列服务器,打开一个channel。
(2)客户端声明一个exchange,并设置相关属性。
(3)客户端声明一个queue,并设置相关属性。
(4)客户端使用routing key,在exchange和queue之间建立好绑定关 系。
(5)客户端投递消息到exchange
融入项目:先搭建普通的ssm框架
1.更改web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
<!-- spring 监听 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
classpath:spring-base.xml,
classpath:spring-producer.xml,
classpath:spring-common.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>
<!--
<servlet>
<servlet-name>CXFServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.apache.cxf.transport.servlet.CXFServlet</servlet-class>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>CXFServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/cxf/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
<param-value>true</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
2.jar包坐标
<dependency>
<groupId>com.rabbitmq</groupId>
<artifactId>amqp-client</artifactId>
<version>4.0.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
<version>1.7.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
3. 创建生产者配置文件:spring-producer.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.4.xsd">
<bean id="jsonMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.amqp.support.converter.Jackson2JsonMessageConverter" />
<!-- 创建连接工厂 转入 ip 密码端口等 -->
<rabbit:connection-factory id="mqconnectionFactory" host="127.0.0.1" port="5672"
username="admin" password="admin"/>
<!-- 默认使用这个工厂 -->
<rabbit:admin id="connectAdmin" connection-factory="mqconnectionFactory" />
<!-- 给模板指定转换器 --><!-- mandatory必须设置true,return callback才生效 -->
<rabbit:template id="amqpTemplate" connection-factory="mqconnectionFactory"
exchange="exchangeTest"
/>
<!-- 创建一个队列 -->
<!--
durable 是否持久化
exclusive 仅创建者可以使用的私有队列,断开后自动删除
auto-delete 当所有消费端连接断开后,是否自动删除队列 -->
<rabbit:queue id="buyCar" name="buyCar" durable="true" auto-delete="false"
exclusive="false" declared-by="connectAdmin" />
<rabbit:queue id="buyHouse" name="buyHouse" durable="true" auto-delete="false"
exclusive="false" declared-by="connectAdmin" />
<!--
交换机:一个交换机可以绑定多个队列,一个队列也可以绑定到多个交换机上。
如果没有队列绑定到交换机上,则发送到该交换机上的信息则会丢失。
direct模式:消息与一个特定的路由器完全匹配,才会转发
topic模式:按规则转发消息,最灵活
-->
<rabbit:direct-exchange name="exchangeTest"
durable="true" auto-delete="false" declared-by="connectAdmin">
<!-- bind:绑定 -->
<rabbit:bindings>
<rabbit:binding queue="buyCar" key="buyCarKey"></rabbit:binding>
<rabbit:binding queue="buyHouse" key="buyHouseKey"></rabbit:binding>
</rabbit:bindings>
</rabbit:direct-exchange>
</beans>
4.在controller层写代码(发消息的代码 )
package com.mr.controller;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.AmqpTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class TestController {
// 注入amqpTemplate 模板类
@Autowired
private AmqpTemplate amqpTemplate;
@RequestMapping("/test/toTest")
public void toTest(Object msg) {
// 指定key 和要传从参数,
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("buyCarKey", "id=3");
amqpTemplate.convertAndSend("buyHouseKey", "id=4");
System.err.println("进入test方法");
}
}
5.消费者(继续创建一个相同的maven项目,搭建好ssm框架)jar包同上
更改 web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.5">
<!-- spring 监听 -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>
classpath:spring-base.xml,
classpath:spring-consumer.xml,
classpath:spring-common.xml
</param-value>
</context-param>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
6.消费者pom.xml配置文件,父节点版本号有改动,spring版本号不能低于4.0,否则少一个工具包,其他无所谓,我这里使用的是4.2.3
<!-- 父节点 引入jar包 子节点 使用 -->
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<!-- spring版本号 -->
<spring.version>4.2.3.RELEASE</spring.version>
<!-- mybatis版本号 -->
<mybatis.version>3.2.6</mybatis.version>
<!-- log4j日志文件管理包版本 -->
<slf4j.version>1.7.7</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.17</log4j.version>
</properties>
7.创建消费者配置文件:spring-consumer.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:rabbit="http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit"
xsi:schemaLocation="
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit
http://www.springframework.org/schema/rabbit/spring-rabbit-1.4.xsd">
<!--配置connection-factory,指定连接rabbit server参数 -->
<rabbit:connection-factory id="connectionFactory"
username="admin" password="admin" host="127.0.0.1" port="5672" />
<!-- 消息接收者 -->
<bean id="buyCarListener" class="com.mr.jms.BuyCarListener"></bean>
<bean id="buyHouseListener" class="com.mr.jms.BuyHouseListener"></bean>
<!-- 声明队列 -->
<rabbit:queue id="buyCar" name="buyCar" durable="true"
auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" />
<rabbit:queue id="buyHouse" name="buyHouse" durable="true"
auto-delete="false" exclusive="false" />
<!-- queue litener 观察 监听模式 当有消息到达时会通知监听在对应的队列上的监听对象 -->
<rabbit:listener-container
connection-factory="connectionFactory">
<rabbit:listener queues="buyCar" ref="buyCarListener" />
<rabbit:listener queues="buyHouse" ref="buyHouseListener" />
</rabbit:listener-container>
</beans>
8.监听执行类包结构
9.BuyCarListener.java
package com.mr.jms;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import com.mr.service.TestService;
/**
* 这是监听类,当有消息事,执行这个方法
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class BuyCarListener implements MessageListener{
@Autowired
private TestService testService;
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message) {
// message.getBody() 获得参数
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.err.println("接受到消息,在处理。。。。。"+testService);
}
}
10.BuyHouseListener.java
package com.mr.jms;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.MessageListener;
/**
* 这是监听类,当有消息事,执行这个方法
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class BuyHouseListener implements MessageListener{
@Override
public void onMessage(Message message) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.err.println("接受到买房消息,在处理。。。。。");
}
}
11.TestService.java
package com.mr.service;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
@Service
public class TestService {
}
出现权限问题:https://blog.csdn.net/luwei42768/article/details/53730960