JUC05-AQS、ReentrantLock原理

一、AQS

全称是 AbstractQueuedSynchronizer,是同步器的相关框架，juc中很多锁的实现类依赖同步器(AQS的子类)完成核心操作

要点

1. 内部维护state变量资源状态，state=0表示当前无线程占用，state!=0代表该锁正在被线程占用
2. 提供FIFO的等待队列，类似于monitor的entryList
3. 提供多个条件变量来做阻塞、唤醒操作，类似于monitor的waitList，但粒度更细，可以减少虚假唤醒的出现。

子类主要实现的方法

• tryAcquire
• tryRelease
• tryAcquireShared
• tryReleaseShared
• isHeldExclusively

acquire(AQS已实现)

// 如果获取锁失败
if (!tryAcquire(arg)) {
 // 入队, 可以选择阻塞当前线程 park unpark
}

**release(AQS已实现)

// 如果释放锁成功
if (tryRelease(arg)) {
 // 让阻塞线程恢复运行
}

自定义同步器

 class MySync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
        @Override
        protected boolean tryAcquire(int arg) {
            if(compareAndSetState(0, 1)) {
                // 加上了锁，并设置 owner 为当前线程
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        protected boolean tryRelease(int arg) {
            setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            setState(0);
            return true;
        }

        @Override // 是否持有独占锁
        protected boolean isHeldExclusively() {
            return getState() == 1;
        }

        public Condition newCondition() {
            return new ConditionObject();
        }
    }

二、ReentrantLock

重要组件

NonfairSync

 static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
        private static final long serialVersionUID = 7316153563782823691L;

        /**
         * Performs lock.  Try immediate barge, backing up to normal
         * acquire on failure.
         */
        final void lock() {
        	//cas设置state成功，则设置当前线程为OwnerThread
            if (compareAndSetState(0, 1))
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(Thread.currentThread());
            else //否则执行acquire进入阻塞队列
                acquire(1);
        }

        protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            return nonfairTryAcquire(acquires);
        }
    }

非公平锁实现原理

非公平性：虽然等待队列是先来先服务的，但是当锁被释放时，等待队列中的线程仍可能与队列外的线程去竞争锁，可能会竞争失败

注意：等待队列的head指向的要么是正在运行的线程所在节点，要么是dummy结点(不含线程)

非公平性具体体现在acquireQueued方法中

加锁

 public final void acquire(int arg) {
  		//1.尝试获取锁，获取成功则结束
  		//2.获取失败则构建Node，关联当前线程，将其添加到等待队列中
        if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&
            acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
            selfInterrupt();
    }
    
final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            boolean interrupted = false;
            for (;;) {
                //获取当前节点的前驱节点
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                //前驱节点若为头节点则重试获取锁，获取成功则将此节点设为头节点，并将前驱节点移除
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                    setHead(node);
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return interrupted;
                }
                //首次修改前驱节点的waitStatus=-1，返回false
                //再次执行时，waitStatus已经为-1，返回true，此时执行parkAndCheckInterrupt()中断当前线程
                //当线程恢复时从这开始执行，继续循环
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                    parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    interrupted = true;
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
    }    
   
private Node addWaiter(Node mode) {
        Node node = new Node(Thread.currentThread(), mode);
        // Try the fast path of enq; backup to full enq on failure
        Node pred = tail;
        if (pred != null) {
            node.prev = pred;
            if (compareAndSetTail(pred, node)) {
                pred.next = node;
                return node;
            }
        }
		//将node添加至队尾
        enq(node);
        return node;
    }

解锁

 public final boolean release(int arg) {
  		//1.尝试释放锁，释放成功则将state设置为0并返回true
        if (tryRelease(arg)) {
        	//2.找到头结点
            Node h = head;
            if (h != null && h.waitStatus != 0)
                unparkSuccessor(h);
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }
    
protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
            int c = getState() - releases;
            if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
            boolean free = false;
            if (c == 0) {
                free = true;
                setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
            }
            setState(c);
            return free;
 }
   
         
private void unparkSuccessor(Node node) {
       
        int ws = node.waitStatus;
        if (ws < 0)
            compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, ws, 0);

       //获取当前节点的后继节点
        Node s = node.next;
        //后继节点若为空或者后继节点的waitStatus>0则遍历队列直到遇到第一个waitStatus<=0的节点或者遍历到队尾
        if (s == null || s.waitStatus > 0) {
            s = null;
            for (Node t = tail; t != null && t != node; t = t.prev)
                if (t.waitStatus <= 0)
                    s = t;
        }
		//恢复s节点关联线程的运行
        if (s != null)
            LockSupport.unpark(s.thread);
    }

可重入原理

进行加锁时，首先判断state是否为0，若不为0则说明该锁已经被占用，判断占用锁的线程是否为当前线程，若是则将state+1，返回true，不是则返回false。同理释放锁的时候会对判断占用锁的线程是否为当前线程，若是则将state-1，state=0表示释放成功返回true，否则返回false

static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
 // ...
 
 // Sync 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
 final boolean nonfairTryAcquire(int acquires) {
	 final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
	 int c = getState();
	 if (c == 0) {
		 if (compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
			 setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
			 return true;
		 	}
	 }
	 // 如果已经获得了锁, 线程还是当前线程, 表示发生了锁重入
	 else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
	 	// state++
	 	int nextc = c + acquires;
		 if (nextc < 0) // overflow
		 	throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
		 setState(nextc);
		 return true;
	 }
	 return false;
 }
 
 // Sync 继承过来的方法, 方便阅读, 放在此处
 protected final boolean tryRelease(int releases) {
	 // state-- 
	 int c = getState() - releases;
	 if (Thread.currentThread() != getExclusiveOwnerThread())
	 	throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
	 boolean free = false;
	 // 支持锁重入, 只有 state 减为 0, 才释放成功
	 if (c == 0) {
		 free = true;
		 setExclusiveOwnerThread(null);
	 }
	 setState(c);
 	 return free;
 }
}

可打断/不可打断模式

不可打断模式

当我们的线程被打断后会重新进入循环，如果当前线程位于等待队列的第一个则会尝试获取锁，获取失败则再次进入阻塞，若不是队列第一个则直接进入阻塞状态，代码见acquireQueued()

简单说就是不可打断模式下，若阻塞的线程被打断会再次进入阻塞队列

NoneFairSyn

private final boolean parkAndCheckInterrupt() {
		//1.将当前线程阻塞在此，若被打断才会往下执行
        LockSupport.park(this);
        //2.若被打断则返回true，同时清楚interrupted标记
        //若是被正常恢复则返回false
        return Thread.interrupted();
    }

final boolean acquireQueued(final Node node, int arg) {
        boolean failed = true;
        try {
            boolean interrupted = false;
            for (;;) {
                //获取当前节点的前驱节点
                final Node p = node.predecessor();
                //前驱节点若为头节点则重试获取锁，获取成功则将此节点设为头节点，并将前驱节点移除
                if (p == head && tryAcquire(arg)) {
                    setHead(node);
                    p.next = null; // help GC
                    failed = false;
                    return interrupted;
                }
                //首次修改前驱节点的waitStatus=-1，返回false
                //再次执行时，waitStatus已经为-1，返回true，此时执行parkAndCheckInterrupt()中断当前线程
                //当线程恢复时从这开始执行，继续循环
                if (shouldParkAfterFailedAcquire(p, node) &&
                    parkAndCheckInterrupt())
                    //若被打断则将interrupted置为true
                    interrupted = true;
            }
        } finally {
            if (failed)
                cancelAcquire(node);
        }
 }  
 public final void acquire(int arg) {
 	    //1.尝试获取锁，获取失败则加入阻塞队列
 	    //2.从阻塞队列出来后，返回interupted(该interrupted是方法内部的变量，不是线程的标记)
        if (!tryAcquire(arg) &&acquireQueued(addWaiter(Node.EXCLUSIVE), arg))
            //若interrupted=true，则执行selfInterrupt()重新将线程的interrupted设为true
            selfInterrupt();
    }  

可打断模式

若阻塞的线程被打断则直接抛出异常，不继续在等待队列进行等待

public final void acquireInterruptibly(int arg)
            throws InterruptedException {
        if (Thread.interrupted())
            throw new InterruptedException();
        //1.尝试获取锁
        if (!tryAcquire(arg))
        	//2.获取失败则进入阻塞队列，但是是不可打断模式
        	//该方法与acquireQueued()基本一致，只是对于打断处理不同，如果被打断则抛出异常退出等待队列
            doAcquireInterruptibly(arg); 
    }

公平锁原理

公平锁采用的是FairSync，与NoneFairSync的区别主要在于tryAcquire的不同，在竞争锁时先要判断队列中是否存在线程等待，若不存在或者等待队列中第一个线程就是当前线程时获取成功，否则进入等待队列

FairSync

 protected final boolean tryAcquire(int acquires) {
            final Thread current = Thread.currentThread();
            int c = getState();
            if (c == 0) {
                //1. 判断队列是否为空 ||  队列中第一个待恢复的线程是否为当前线程
                if (!hasQueuedPredecessors() &&
                    compareAndSetState(0, acquires)) {
                    setExclusiveOwnerThread(current);
                    return true;
                }
            }
            else if (current == getExclusiveOwnerThread()) {
                int nextc = c + acquires;
                if (nextc < 0)
                    throw new Error("Maximum lock count exceeded");
                setState(nextc);
                return true;
            }
            return false;
        }
acquire与NoneFairSync一致，都使用的是AQS的方法

条件变量

每个条件变量都维护了一条等待队列，如图所示

await()

它将state置为0后park该线程并设置ws=-2，将该线程添加到此条件变量的等待队列中

public final void await() throws InterruptedException {
            if (Thread.interrupted())
                throw new InterruptedException();
            //创建node关联当前线程，并将node添加到等待队列队尾
            Node node = addConditionWaiter();
            //释放锁
            int savedState = fullyRelease(node);
            int interruptMode = 0;
            while (!isOnSyncQueue(node)) {
            	//park当前线程
                LockSupport.park(this);
                if ((interruptMode = checkInterruptWhileWaiting(node)) != 0)
                    break;
            }
            if (acquireQueued(node, savedState) && interruptMode != THROW_IE)
                interruptMode = REINTERRUPT;
            if (node.nextWaiter != null) // clean up if cancelled
                unlinkCancelledWaiters();
            if (interruptMode != 0)
                reportInterruptAfterWait(interruptMode);
        }

signal

从头遍历等待队列，直到遇见第一个ws=-2的节点，将该节点移出等待队列并添加到阻塞队列尾部

public final void signal() {
			//1.校验当前线程是否为持有锁的线程
            if (!isHeldExclusively())
                throw new IllegalMonitorStateException();
             //2.得到头结点
            Node first = firstWaiter;
            if (first != null)
                //3.signal头节点
                doSignal(first);
        }

//将头节点移出等待队列
//如果头结点的waitStatus>0则一直移出头结点
//直到遇到ws<0的节点，将其放入阻塞队列
private void doSignal(Node first) {
            do {
                if ( (firstWaiter = first.nextWaiter) == null)
                    lastWaiter = null;
                first.nextWaiter = null;
            } while (!transferForSignal(first) &&
                     (first = firstWaiter) != null);
        }

final boolean transferForSignal(Node node) {
        /*
         * If cannot change waitStatus, the node has been cancelled.
         */
        if (!compareAndSetWaitStatus(node, Node.CONDITION, 0))
            return false;

        /*
         * Splice onto queue and try to set waitStatus of predecessor to
         * indicate that thread is (probably) waiting. If cancelled or
         * attempt to set waitStatus fails, wake up to resync (in which
         * case the waitStatus can be transiently and harmlessly wrong).
         */
        Node p = enq(node);
        int ws = p.waitStatus;
        if (ws > 0 || !compareAndSetWaitStatus(p, ws, Node.SIGNAL))
            LockSupport.unpark(node.thread);
        return true;
    }