在上一期中 我们搭建了目标识别的环境并且测试了自带的案例
本期我们将使用自己的图片进行相应的目标识别
本次我们使用Demo里面的 mobilenet_ssd_v1_2017_11_17 进行识别作为预训练模型
github上也有对应官方的各种模型
1、使用labelImg打标签
链接：https://pan.baidu.com/s/1lETFKH6z3IXiFV0FHlRBqg
提取码：xawz
解压后直接双击 labelImg.exe 即可
选择自己要打标签的区域
CTRL+S另存为xml文件，文件名默认为图片名称
2、配置文件
在object_detection 文件夹中新建raccoon_images文件夹，再在raccoon_images文件夹中新建test和train文件夹
在raccoon_images新建xml_to_csv.py和generate_tfrecord.py
xml_to_csv.py内容：
import os
import glob
import pandas as pd
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
os.chdir(r'D:\Develop\tensorflow\models\research\object_detection\images\train') # 修改为自己的读取、输出路径
path =r'D:\Develop\tensorflow\models\research\object_detection\images\train'
def xml_to_csv(path):
xml_list = []
for xml_file in glob.glob(path + '/*.xml'):
tree = ET.parse(xml_file)
root = tree.getroot()
for member in root.findall('object'):
value = (root.find('filename').text,
int(root.find('size')[0].text),
int(root.find('size')[1].text),
member[0].text,
int(member[4][0].text),
int(member[4][1].text),
int(member[4][2].text),
int(member[4][3].text)
)
xml_list.append(value)
column_name = ['filename', 'width', 'height', 'class', 'xmin', 'ymin', 'xmax', 'ymax']
xml_df = pd.DataFrame(xml_list, columns=column_name)
return xml_df
def main():
image_path = path
xml_df = xml_to_csv(image_path)
xml_df.to_csv('raccoon_train.csv', index=None) #修改输出后csv文件的文件名，test和train要对应
print('Successfully converted xml to csv.')
main()
generate_tfrecord.py内容:
import os
import io
import pandas as pd
import tensorflow as tf
from PIL import Image
from object_detection.utils import dataset_util
from collections import namedtuple, OrderedDict
os.chdir(r'D:\Develop\TensorFlow\models\research\object_detection\hulingyu_images')
# 修改为自己的img路径，之后会自动寻找test及train文件夹
flags = tf.app.flags
flags.DEFINE_string('csv_input', '', 'Path to the CSV input')
flags.DEFINE_string('output_path', '', 'Path to output TFRecord')
FLAGS = flags.FLAGS
# TO-DO replace this with label map
# 注意将对应的label改成自己的类别！！！！！！！！！！
def class_text_to_int(row_label):
if row_label == 'hulingyu': #修改为自己的类别
return 1
else:
return None
def split(df, group):
data = namedtuple('data', ['filename', 'object'])
gb = df.groupby(group)
return [data(filename, gb.get_group(x)) for filename, x in zip(gb.groups.keys(), gb.groups)]
def create_tf_example(group, path):
with tf.gfile.GFile(os.path.join(path, '{}'.format(group.filename)), 'rb') as fid:
encoded_jpg = fid.read()
encoded_jpg_io = io.BytesIO(encoded_jpg)
image = Image.open(encoded_jpg_io)
width, height = image.size
filename = group.filename.encode('utf8')
image_format = b'png' #########注意你的图片格式
xmins = []
xmaxs = []
ymins = []
ymaxs = []
classes_text = []
classes = []
for index, row in group.object.iterrows():
xmins.append(row['xmin'] / width)
xmaxs.append(row['xmax'] / width)
ymins.append(row['ymin'] / height)
ymaxs.append(row['ymax'] / height)
classes_text.append(row['class'].encode('utf8'))
classes.append(class_text_to_int(row['class']))
tf_example = tf.train.Example(features=tf.train.Features(feature={
'image/height': dataset_util.int64_feature(height),
'image/width': dataset_util.int64_feature(width),
'image/filename': dataset_util.bytes_feature(filename),
'image/source_id': dataset_util.bytes_feature(filename),
'image/encoded': dataset_util.bytes_feature(encoded_jpg),
'image/format': dataset_util.bytes_feature(image_format),
'image/object/bbox/xmin': dataset_util.float_list_feature(xmins),
'image/object/bbox/xmax': dataset_util.float_list_feature(xmaxs),
'image/object/bbox/ymin': dataset_util.float_list_feature(ymins),
'image/object/bbox/ymax': dataset_util.float_list_feature(ymaxs),
'image/object/class/text': dataset_util.bytes_list_feature(classes_text),
'image/object/class/label': dataset_util.int64_list_feature(classes),
}))
return tf_example
def main(_):
writer = tf.python_io.TFRecordWriter(FLAGS.output_path)
path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'train')
# 修改为test train然后各运行一次
examples = pd.read_csv(FLAGS.csv_input)
grouped = split(examples, 'filename')
for group in grouped:
tf_example = create_tf_example(group, path)
writer.write(tf_example.SerializeToString())
writer.close()
output_path = os.path.join(os.getcwd(), FLAGS.output_path)
print('Successfully created the TFRecords: {}'.format(output_path))
if __name__ == '__main__':
tf.app.run()
运行xml_to_csv.py文件得到 对应的csv文件，运行generate_tfrecord.py文件时需要在raccoon_images文件夹下打开cmd运行命令：
python generate_tfrecord.py --csv_input=test/raccoon_test.csv --output_path=test.record
将test改为train再次运行即可得到test.record和train.record
然后在raccoon_images文件夹下新建raccoon.pbtxt文件，内容如下，根据自己的情况进行修改
最后我们拥有的文件如下：
3、准备训练
我们在object_detection文件夹下新建一个training文件夹，在里面新建一个记事本文件并命名为 ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco.config
内容为：
# SSD with Mobilenet v1 configuration for MSCOCO Dataset.
# Users should configure the fine_tune_checkpoint field in the train config as
# well as the label_map_path and input_path fields in the train_input_reader and
# eval_input_reader. Search for "PATH_TO_BE_CONFIGURED" to find the fields that
# should be configured.
model {
ssd {
num_classes: 1 # 你类别的数量，我这里只分了一类
box_coder {
faster_rcnn_box_coder {
y_scale: 10.0
x_scale: 10.0
height_scale: 5.0
width_scale: 5.0
}
}
matcher {
argmax_matcher {
matched_threshold: 0.5
unmatched_threshold: 0.5
ignore_thresholds: false
negatives_lower_than_unmatched: true
force_match_for_each_row: true
}
}
similarity_calculator {
iou_similarity {
}
}
anchor_generator {
ssd_anchor_generator {
num_layers: 6
min_scale: 0.2
max_scale: 0.95
aspect_ratios: 1.0
aspect_ratios: 2.0
aspect_ratios: 0.5
aspect_ratios: 3.0
aspect_ratios: 0.3333
}
}
image_resizer {
fixed_shape_resizer {
height: 300
width: 300
}
}
box_predictor {
convolutional_box_predictor {
min_depth: 0
max_depth: 0
num_layers_before_predictor: 0
use_dropout: false
dropout_keep_probability: 0.8
kernel_size: 1
box_code_size: 4
apply_sigmoid_to_scores: false
conv_hyperparams {
activation: RELU_6,
regularizer {
l2_regularizer {
weight: 0.00004
}
}
initializer {
truncated_normal_initializer {
stddev: 0.03
mean: 0.0
}
}
batch_norm {
train: true,
scale: true,
center: true,
decay: 0.9997,
epsilon: 0.001,
}
}
}
}
feature_extractor {
type: 'ssd_mobilenet_v1'
min_depth: 16
depth_multiplier: 1.0
conv_hyperparams {
activation: RELU_6,
regularizer {
l2_regularizer {
weight: 0.00004
}
}
initializer {
truncated_normal_initializer {
stddev: 0.03
mean: 0.0
}
}
batch_norm {
train: true,
scale: true,
center: true,
decay: 0.9997,
epsilon: 0.001,
}
}
}
loss {
classification_loss {
weighted_sigmoid {
}
}
localization_loss {
weighted_smooth_l1 {
}
}
hard_example_miner {
num_hard_examples: 3000
iou_threshold: 0.99
loss_type: CLASSIFICATION
max_negatives_per_positive: 3
min_negatives_per_image: 0
}
classification_weight: 1.0
localization_weight: 1.0
}
normalize_loss_by_num_matches: true
post_processing {
batch_non_max_suppression {
score_threshold: 1e-8
iou_threshold: 0.6
max_detections_per_class: 100
max_total_detections: 100
}
score_converter: SIGMOID
}
}
}
train_config: {
batch_size: 1 # 电脑好的话可以调高点，我电脑比较渣就调成1了
optimizer {
rms_prop_optimizer: {
learning_rate: {
exponential_decay_learning_rate {
initial_learning_rate: 0.004
decay_steps: 800720
decay_factor: 0.95
}
}
momentum_optimizer_value: 0.9
decay: 0.9
epsilon: 1.0
}
}
fine_tune_checkpoint: "ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco_2017_11_17/model.ckpt"
from_detection_checkpoint: true
# Note: The below line limits the training process to 200K steps, which we
# empirically found to be sufficient enough to train the pets dataset. This
# effectively bypasses the learning rate schedule (the learning rate will
# never decay). Remove the below line to train indefinitely.
num_steps: 200000
data_augmentation_options {
random_horizontal_flip {
}
}
data_augmentation_options {
ssd_random_crop {
}
}
}
train_input_reader: {
tf_record_input_reader {
input_path: "raccoon_images/train.record" # 训练的tfrrecord文件路径
}
label_map_path: "raccoon_images/raccoon.pbtxt"
}
eval_config: {
num_examples: 30
# Note: The below line limits the evaluation process to 10 evaluations.
# Remove the below line to evaluate indefinitely.
max_evals: 10
}
eval_input_reader: {
tf_record_input_reader {
input_path: "raccoon_images/test.record" # 测试的tfrrecord文件路径
}
label_map_path: "raccoon_images/raccoon.pbtxt"
shuffle: false
num_readers: 1
}
在object_detection文件夹下打开cmd，输入命令:
python model_main.py --pipeline_config_path=training/ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco.config --model_dir=training --num_train_steps=50000 --num_eval_steps=2000 --alsologtostderr
就开始训练了
Tensorflow还提供功能强大的Tensorboard来可视化训练过程。
cmd定位到 models\research\object_detection 文件夹下，运行:
tensorboard --logdir=training
可以看到返回的网址，在浏览器中打开即可
训练完成后，training文件夹下是这样的情况:
4、模型输出及测试
定位到object_detection目录下，打开cmd输入命令：
python export_inference_graph.py \ --input_type image_tensor \ --pipeline_config_path training/ssd_mobilenet_v1_coco.config \ --trained_checkpoint_prefix training/model.ckpt-50000 \ --output_directory raccoon_detection
50000是自己迭代的次数，output_directory是模型输出的路径，我在object_detection新建了一个raccoon_detection文件夹原来存储输出的模型，运行后：
打开object_detection文件夹中的object_detection_tutorial.py，修改MODEL_NAME、NUM_CLASSES、PATH_TO_TEST_IMAGES_DIR和TEST_IMAGE_PATHS，此外，object_detection/data文件夹中还要留意新建raccoon.pbtxt和在object_detection文件夹下新建raccoon_test_images文件夹放置测试图片，raccoon.pbtxt内容如下：
item {
id: 1
name: 'raccoon'
}
object_detection_tutorial.py完整代码，根据自己的情况进行修改：
# coding: utf-8
# # Object Detection Demo
# Welcome to the object detection inference walkthrough! This notebook will walk you step by step through the process of using a pre-trained model to detect objects in an image. Make sure to follow the [installation instructions](https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/object_detection/g3doc/installation.md) before you start.
from distutils.version import StrictVersion
import numpy as np
import os
import six.moves.urllib as urllib
import sys
import tarfile
import tensorflow as tf
import zipfile
from collections import defaultdict
from io import StringIO
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
from PIL import Image
# This is needed since the notebook is stored in the object_detection folder.
sys.path.append("..")
from object_detection.utils import ops as utils_ops
# if StrictVersion(tf.__version__) < StrictVersion('1.9.0'):
# raise ImportError('Please upgrade your TensorFlow installation to v1.9.* or later!')
# ## Env setup
# In[2]:
# This is needed to display the images.
# get_ipython().magic(u'matplotlib inline')
# ## Object detection imports
# Here are the imports from the object detection module.
from utils import label_map_util
from utils import visualization_utils as vis_util
# # Model preparation
# ## Variables
#
# Any model exported using the `export_inference_graph.py` tool can be loaded here simply by changing `PATH_TO_FROZEN_GRAPH` to point to a new .pb file.
#
# By default we use an "SSD with Mobilenet" model here. See the [detection model zoo](https://github.com/tensorflow/models/blob/master/research/object_detection/g3doc/detection_model_zoo.md) for a list of other models that can be run out-of-the-box with varying speeds and accuracies.
# In[4]:
# What model to download.
MODEL_NAME = 'raccoon_detection' ###############
# MODEL_FILE = MODEL_NAME + '.tar.gz'
# DOWNLOAD_BASE = 'http://download.tensorflow.org/models/object_detection/'
# Path to frozen detection graph. This is the actual model that is used for the object detection.
PATH_TO_FROZEN_GRAPH = MODEL_NAME + '/frozen_inference_graph.pb'
# List of the strings that is used to add correct label for each box.
PATH_TO_LABELS = os.path.join('data', 'raccoon.pbtxt') ################
NUM_CLASSES = 1 ######################
# ## Download Model
# opener = urllib.request.URLopener()
# opener.retrieve(DOWNLOAD_BASE + MODEL_FILE, MODEL_FILE)
'''
tar_file = tarfile.open(MODEL_FILE)
for file in tar_file.getmembers():
file_name = os.path.basename(file.name)
if 'frozen_inference_graph.pb' in file_name:
tar_file.extract(file, os.getcwd())
'''
# ## Load a (frozen) Tensorflow model into memory.
detection_graph = tf.Graph()
with detection_graph.as_default():
od_graph_def = tf.GraphDef()
with tf.gfile.GFile(PATH_TO_FROZEN_GRAPH, 'rb') as fid:
serialized_graph = fid.read()
od_graph_def.ParseFromString(serialized_graph)
tf.import_graph_def(od_graph_def, name='')
# ## Loading label map
# Label maps map indices to category names, so that when our convolution network predicts `5`, we know that this corresponds to `airplane`. Here we use internal utility functions, but anything that returns a dictionary mapping integers to appropriate string labels would be fine
label_map = label_map_util.load_labelmap(PATH_TO_LABELS)
categories = label_map_util.convert_label_map_to_categories(label_map, max_num_classes=NUM_CLASSES, use_display_name=True)
category_index = label_map_util.create_category_index(categories)
# ## Helper code
# In[8]:
def load_image_into_numpy_array(image):
(im_width, im_height) = image.size
return np.array(image.getdata()).reshape(
(im_height, im_width, 3)).astype(np.uint8)
# # Detection
# For the sake of simplicity we will use only 2 images:
# image1.jpg
# image2.jpg
# If you want to test the code with your images, just add path to the images to the TEST_IMAGE_PATHS.
PATH_TO_TEST_IMAGES_DIR = 'raccoon_test_images' ####################
TEST_IMAGE_PATHS = [ os.path.join(PATH_TO_TEST_IMAGES_DIR, 'raccoon{}.jpg'.format(i)) for i in range(1, 11) ]
##########################
# Size, in inches, of the output images.
IMAGE_SIZE = (12, 8)
# In[10]:
def run_inference_for_single_image(image, graph):
with graph.as_default():
with tf.Session() as sess:
# Get handles to input and output tensors
ops = tf.get_default_graph().get_operations()
all_tensor_names = {output.name for op in ops for output in op.outputs}
tensor_dict = {}
for key in [
'num_detections', 'detection_boxes', 'detection_scores',
'detection_classes', 'detection_masks'
]:
tensor_name = key + ':0'
if tensor_name in all_tensor_names:
tensor_dict[key] = tf.get_default_graph().get_tensor_by_name(
tensor_name)
if 'detection_masks' in tensor_dict:
# The following processing is only for single image
detection_boxes = tf.squeeze(tensor_dict['detection_boxes'], [0])
detection_masks = tf.squeeze(tensor_dict['detection_masks'], [0])
# Reframe is required to translate mask from box coordinates to image coordinates and fit the image size.
real_num_detection = tf.cast(tensor_dict['num_detections'][0], tf.int32)
detection_boxes = tf.slice(detection_boxes, [0, 0], [real_num_detection, -1])
detection_masks = tf.slice(detection_masks, [0, 0, 0], [real_num_detection, -1, -1])
detection_masks_reframed = utils_ops.reframe_box_masks_to_image_masks(
detection_masks, detection_boxes, image.shape[0], image.shape[1])
detection_masks_reframed = tf.cast(
tf.greater(detection_masks_reframed, 0.5), tf.uint8)
# Follow the convention by adding back the batch dimension
tensor_dict['detection_masks'] = tf.expand_dims(
detection_masks_reframed, 0)
image_tensor = tf.get_default_graph().get_tensor_by_name('image_tensor:0')
# Run inference
output_dict = sess.run(tensor_dict,
feed_dict={image_tensor: np.expand_dims(image, 0)})
# all outputs are float32 numpy arrays, so convert types as appropriate
output_dict['num_detections'] = int(output_dict['num_detections'][0])
output_dict['detection_classes'] = output_dict[
'detection_classes'][0].astype(np.uint8)
output_dict['detection_boxes'] = output_dict['detection_boxes'][0]
output_dict['detection_scores'] = output_dict['detection_scores'][0]
if 'detection_masks' in output_dict:
output_dict['detection_masks'] = output_dict['detection_masks'][0]
return output_dict
# In[ ]:
for image_path in TEST_IMAGE_PATHS:
image = Image.open(image_path)
# the array based representation of the image will be used later in order to prepare the
# result image with boxes and labels on it.
image_np = load_image_into_numpy_array(image)
# Expand dimensions since the model expects images to have shape: [1, None, None, 3]
image_np_expanded = np.expand_dims(image_np, axis=0)
# Actual detection.
output_dict = run_inference_for_single_image(image_np, detection_graph)
# Visualization of the results of a detection.
vis_util.visualize_boxes_and_labels_on_image_array(
image_np,
output_dict['detection_boxes'],
output_dict['detection_classes'],
output_dict['detection_scores'],
category_index,
instance_masks=output_dict.get('detection_masks'),
use_normalized_coordinates=True,
line_thickness=8)
plt.figure(figsize=IMAGE_SIZE)
plt.imshow(image_np)
plt.show()
之后运行这个py文件即可看到识别效果
下一期我将介绍Tensorflow调用object_detection中的自带模型识别视频流，敬请期待哦 ^ - ^
参考博客：
https://www.cnblogs.com/brillant-ordinary/p/10624864.html
https://blog.csdn.net/dy_guox/article/details/79111949?tdsourcetag=s_pcqq_aiomsg
https://www.cnblogs.com/zongfa/p/9663649.html
希望对大家有帮助，也欢迎评论哦
觉得有帮助的可以点个赞，感谢支持
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