本文主要内容:Lock锁解决卖票问题、Lock版的生产者与消费者和Synchronized与Lock区别
Lock锁解决卖票问题
1.Synchronized版
public class SaleTicket_Synchronized {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Ticket_Synchronized ticket_synchronized = new Ticket_Synchronized();
new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) ticket_synchronized.sale(); }, "A").start();
new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) ticket_synchronized.sale(); }, "B").start();
new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) ticket_synchronized.sale(); }, "C").start();
}
}
// 资源类,通过多线程操作同一个资源类
class Ticket_Synchronized{
private int ticket = 100;
public synchronized void sale(){
if (ticket > 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "卖出出了第" + ticket-- + "张票,剩余" + ticket + "张");
}
}
}
2.Lock版
public class SaleTicket_Lock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Ticket_Lock ticket_lock = new Ticket_Lock();
new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) ticket_lock.sale(); }, "A").start();
new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) ticket_lock.sale(); }, "B").start();
new Thread(() -> { for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) ticket_lock.sale(); }, "C").start();
}
}
// 资源类,通过多线程操作同一个资源类
class Ticket_Lock{
private int ticket = 100;
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public void sale(){
// 加锁
lock.lock();
try {
if (ticket > 0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "卖出出了第" + ticket-- + "张票,剩余" + ticket + "张");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
// 解锁
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
Lock版的生产者与消费者(线程间的通信问题)
1.此案例为:交替打印10次数字+1与数字-1
2.Synchronized版
public class ProducerAndConsumer_Synchronized {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data_Synchronized data_synchronized = new Data_Synchronized();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data_synchronized.increment();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
try {
data_synchronized.decrement();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}, "B").start();
}
}
class Data_Synchronized{
private int data = 0;
// data + 1 方法
public synchronized void increment() throws InterruptedException {
while (data != 0) {
//等待
this.wait();
}
//执行
data += 1;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->" + data);
//通知其它线程我已经完成+1
this.notifyAll();
}
// data - 1 方法
public synchronized void decrement() throws InterruptedException {
while (data == 0) {
//等待
this.wait();
}
//执行
data -= 1;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->" + data);
//通知其它线程我已经完成-1
this.notifyAll();
}
}
3.Lock版
public class ProducerAndConsumer_Lock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Data_Lock data_lock = new Data_Lock();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
data_lock.increment();
}
}, "A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
data_lock.decrement();
}
}, "B").start();
}
}
class Data_Lock{
private int data = 0;
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
Condition condition = lock.newCondition();
// data + 1 方法
public void increment(){
lock.lock();
try {
while (data != 0) {
//等待
condition.await();
}
//执行
data += 1;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->" + data);
//通知其它线程我已经完成+1
condition.signalAll();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
// data - 1 方法
public void decrement(){
lock.lock();
try {
while (data == 0) {
//等待
condition.await();
}
//执行
data -= 1;
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->" + data);
//通知其它线程我已经完成+1
condition.signalAll();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
Synchronized与Lock区别
1、Synchronized是Java关键字,Lock是一个Java类
2、Synchronized无法判断锁的状态,Lock可以判断是否获取到了锁
3、Synchronized会自动释放锁,Lock必须要手动释放(否则造成死锁问题)
4、Synchronized中线程1如果获得锁并阻塞,线程2会一直等待,Lock锁就不一定会等待下去
5、Synchronized是可重入锁,不可以中断,非公平,Lock是可重入锁,不可以中断,非公平(但可以使用new ReentrantLock(true)的方式改变公平)
6、Synchronized适合少量代码同步问题,Lock锁适合大量的同步代码