流媒体服务器&FFMPEG转码流&摄像头取流

环境准备

  1. 下载FFMPEG后,配置环境变量即可。校验命令:ffmpeg -version
  2. 下载ngxin-gryphon,再下载nginx-rpst-module-master,将目录移动到ngxin-gryphon目录下,改名为nginx-rtmp-module,最后配置一下文件nginx-win.conf(配置放在下方)
  3. vlc播放器:用于播放网络串流或推流。
  4. EasyDarwin:下载打开exe即可。用于开启本地rtsp端口。

配置文件

nginx-win.conf


#user  nobody;
# multiple workers works !
worker_processes  2;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  8192;
    # max value 32768, nginx recycling connections+registry optimization = 
    #   this.value * 20 = max concurrent connections currently tested with one worker
    #   C1000K should be possible depending there is enough ram/cpu power
    # multi_accept on;
}

rtmp {
    server {
        listen 1935;
        chunk_size 4096;
        application live { #rtmp地址
             live on;
        }
		application hls { #如果是rtmp流这个可以不要
		     live on; 
		     # 开启hls切片
             hls on;
             # m3u8地址
			 hls_path html/hls;
			 # 一个切片多少秒
			 hls_fragment 8s;
			 # on_play http://localhost:8081/auth; #权限钩子,该自定义接口返回true才推流
			 # on_publish http://localhost:8081/auth;  #权限钩子,该自定义接口返回true才推流
			 # on_done http://localhost:8081/auth;  #权限钩子,该自定义接口返回true才推流
        }
    }
}

http {
    #include      /nginx/conf/naxsi_core.rules;
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr:$remote_port - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

#     # loadbalancing PHP
#     upstream myLoadBalancer {
#         server 127.0.0.1:9001 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9002 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9003 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9004 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9005 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9006 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9007 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9008 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9009 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         server 127.0.0.1:9010 weight=1 fail_timeout=5;
#         least_conn;
#     }

    sendfile        off;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

## Start: Timeouts ##
    client_body_timeout   10;
    client_header_timeout 10;
    keepalive_timeout     30;
    send_timeout          10;
    keepalive_requests    10;
## End: Timeouts ##

    #gzip  on;

	# 配置流媒体
    server {
        listen       2025;
        server_name  localhost;

		location /stat {
            rtmp_stat all;
            rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
        }
        location /stat.xsl {
            root nginx-rtmp-module/;
        }
        location /control {
            rtmp_control all;
        }
		location /hls { #如果是rtmp流,这个配置可以不要
            # Serve HLS fragments
            types {
                application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;
                video/mp2t ts;
            }
            expires -1;
            add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
        }
        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        ## Caching Static Files, put before first location
        #location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js)$ {
        #    expires 14d;
        #    add_header Vary Accept-Encoding;
        #}

# For Naxsi remove the single # line for learn mode, or the ## lines for full WAF mode
        location / {
            #include    /nginx/conf/mysite.rules; # see also http block naxsi include line
            ##SecRulesEnabled;
        	  ##DeniedUrl "/RequestDenied";
	          ##CheckRule "$SQL >= 8" BLOCK;
	          ##CheckRule "$RFI >= 8" BLOCK;
	          ##CheckRule "$TRAVERSAL >= 4" BLOCK;
	          ##CheckRule "$XSS >= 8" BLOCK;
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

# For Naxsi remove the ## lines for full WAF mode, redirect location block used by naxsi
        ##location /RequestDenied {
        ##    return 412;
        ##}

## Lua examples !
#         location /robots.txt {
#           rewrite_by_lua '
#             if ngx.var.http_host ~= "localhost" then
#               return ngx.exec("/robots_disallow.txt");
#             end
#           ';
#         }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000; # single backend process
        #    fastcgi_pass   myLoadBalancer; # or multiple, see example above
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl spdy;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl                  on;
    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers On;
    #    ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
    #    ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:ECDH+3DES:RSA+AESGCM:RSA+AES:RSA+3DES:!aNULL:!eNULL:!MD5:!DSS:!EXP:!ADH:!LOW:!MEDIUM;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

启动关闭nginx

启动 nginx.exe -c conf/nginx-win.conf
关闭 nginx -s stop -c conf/nginx-win.conf

推流,拉流,播放

有摄像头的可以按照摄像头的操作地址,获取摄像头的rtsp流,比如大华摄像头的格式就是:

rtsp://用户名:密码@摄像头IP:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0

如果没有流,我们可以用ffmpeg将本地视频推成rtsp流,模仿摄像头的流进行测试。

推流

FFMPEG推流,需要下载一个EasyDarwin软件,开启本地的554端口,要不然是推流不成功的。
启动EasyDarwin后,打开cmd,执行命令:

ffmpeg -re -i ./333.mp4 -vcodec libx264 -acodec aac -f rtsp rtsp://localhost:554/aaa

将本地的333.MP4视频推到本地的554端口上,生成rtsp流。我们拿到流地址:

rtsp://localhost:554/aaa
如果是摄像头,则直接通电,按照摄像头格式获取摄像头的流地址,大华摄像头如下取流:
rtsp://用户名:密码@摄像头IP:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0

FFMPEG 部分命令

-re 原帧率
-vcodec 视频编码
-acodec 音频编码
-f flv 以flv容器
-ac 音频通道
-ar 音频采样率
-strict -2 实验参数,配合acc编码默认安装的ffmpeg有aac编码,使用它就无须安装别的音频编码库
-s: scale 分辨率
-preset:v 编码质量ultrafast,superfast, veryfast, faster, fast, medium, slow, slower, veryslow
-analyzeduration 1000000 分析时间
-tune:v zerolatency 零延时编码,画面不稳,容易中断
-sc_threshold 499 场景更改监测,值越高画面越流畅
-fflags nobuffer 不要缓冲

转流(此处介绍rtmp和http格式的)

rtmp:

流推好后,可以用vlc工具测试一下,能不能播放流。vlc可以播放rtsp还有rtmp格式的流(网上有播放教程,此处省略)。
流能正常播放,说明流是可以获取到的。下一步,要将rtsp流转成rtmp流,执行ffmpeg命令,将rtsp流转成rtmp流。
软转:使用cpu转码,依赖于cpu和内存,消耗资源很大,消耗率差不多80%。

ffmpeg -re -rtsp_transport tcp -i
“rtsp://用户名:密码@摄像头IP:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0”
-fflags nobuffer -sc_threshold 499 -tune:v zerolatency -vcodec libx264 -vprofile baseline -acodec aac -ar 44100 -strict -2 -ac 1 -f flv -s 2304x1296 -q 10 “rtmp://localhost:1935/live/dahua”

硬转:使用GPU转码,用显卡的处理器,cpu和内存降低很多,大概消耗10%

ffmpeg -re -rtsp_transport tcp -i
“rtsp://用户名:密码@摄像头IP:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0”
-codec:v h264_qsv -vprofile baseline -acodec aac -ar 8000 -strict -2 -ac 1 -f flv -s 1280x720 -q 10 “rtmp://localhost:1935/live/dahua”

其中dahua是自定义的名称,将流转到ngxin流媒体的1935端口的live服务下。
这个时候我们就可以用vlc或者ffmpeg命令播放这个流,如果播放成功,前端就可以调用这个地址进行播放(前端页面播放rtmp需要有flash插件环境)。

ffplay “rtmp://localhost:1935/live/dahua live=1”

http

使用http方式的流就不再需要ngxin_gryphon了,需要另外一个http相关的ngxin流媒体nginx-flv,可以从网上下载nginx-flv-file-master的包,然后启动该ngxin。
nginx.conf:

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;


events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       2025;
        
        location /live {
            flv_live on;
            chunked_transfer_encoding on;
			add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Credentials' 'true'; #add additional HTTP header
			add_header 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' '*'; #add additional HTTP header
			add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers X-Requested-With;
			add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods GET,POST,OPTIONS;
			add_header 'Cache-Control' 'no-cache';
        }

        location /hls {      
		   add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
           types{    
             application/vnd.apple.mpegurl m3u8;    
             video/mp2t ts;    
           }    
			alias /test;    
			expires -1;    
        }
        
        location /stat {
            rtmp_stat all;
            rtmp_stat_stylesheet stat.xsl;
        }

        location /stat.xsl {
            root html/nginx-http-flv-module/;
        }

        location /control {
            rtmp_control all;
        }

        location /rtmp-publisher {
            root html/nginx-http-flv-module/test;
        }
        
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root html/nginx-http-flv-module/test/www;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
		
		 location  ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|js|css)$ {
		 root html/nginx-http-flv-module/test/www/;
		 }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

rtmp {  
    server {  
        listen 1935;  
        chunk_size 8000;  
        application liveapp { 
            live on;
			# on_publish http://localhost:8081/auth;
			# on_publish_done http://localhost:8081/auth;
        }  
    }  
}

启动后,和上面rtmp流步骤类似,执行转流命令即可:
软转:

ffmpeg -re -rtsp_transport tcp -i
“rtsp://用户名:密码@摄像头IP:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0”
-fflags nobuffer -sc_threshold 499 -tune:v zerolatency -vcodec libx264 -vprofile baseline -acodec aac -ar 44100 -strict -2 -ac 1 -f flv -s 2304x1296 -q 10 “rtmp://localhost:1935/liveapp/dahua”

硬转:

ffmpeg -re -rtsp_transport tcp -i
“rtsp://用户名:密码@摄像头IP:554/cam/realmonitor?channel=1&subtype=0”
-codec:v h264_qsv -vprofile baseline -acodec aac -ar 8000 -strict -2 -ac 1 -f flv -s 1280x720 -q 10 “rtmp://localhost:1935/liveapp/dahua”

转完后,可以通过nginx的代理配置,拿到http形式的流,如:

http://localhost:2025/live?port=1935&app=liveapp&stream=dahua

补充:硬转的方式里面的配置-codec:v h264_qsv,是制定显卡的型号,如果是inter类型的显卡,就是qsv。amd和英伟达的是另外两种格式,网上搜一下就有。

总结

自己搭建流媒体需要很高配置,要不然很吃资源,具体情况还要具体分析,不能确定需要多大的资源,也不是专门搞音视频方面的。只能利用现有工具进行操作。现在浏览器很多不支持flash了,所以rtmp这种的还是不够方便,用http格式的用html的播放标签就能播放,比较方便。我机器配置转完后延时3s左右,如果ffmpeg命令不带上面的参数优化, 延时是5-9秒,上面的-fflags nobuffer -sc_threshold 499 -tune:v zerolatency都是降低延时用的。但是好像只限于软转的形式,硬转不需要带这些参数,延时差不多。
用vlc软件推流很容易断,我的机器过十秒左右就会断开,不知道为什么,开始我一直以为ffmpeg推流的命令有问题,后面才发现是vlc推流容易断,导致ffmpeg转流的时候就断了,所以我这里用ffmpeg命令去推流,是比较可靠的。

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