59 - I. 滑动窗口的最大值

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comments: true
difficulty: 简单
edit_url: https://github.com/doocs/leetcode/edit/main/lcof/%E9%9D%A2%E8%AF%95%E9%A2%9859%20-%20I.%20%E6%BB%91%E5%8A%A8%E7%AA%97%E5%8F%A3%E7%9A%84%E6%9C%80%E5%A4%A7%E5%80%BC/README.md

面试题 59 - I. 滑动窗口的最大值

题目描述

给定一个数组 nums 和滑动窗口的大小 k，请找出所有滑动窗口里的最大值。

示例:

输入: nums= [1,3,-1,-3,5,3,6,7], 和 k = 3
输出: [3,3,5,5,6,7] 

解释: 

  滑动窗口的位置                最大值
---------------               -----
[1  3  -1] -3  5  3  6  7       3
 1 [3  -1  -3] 5  3  6  7       3
 1  3 [-1  -3  5] 3  6  7       5
 1  3  -1 [-3  5  3] 6  7       5
 1  3  -1  -3 [5  3  6] 7       6
 1  3  -1  -3  5 [3  6  7]      7

 

提示：

你可以假设 k 总是有效的，在输入数组不为空的情况下，1 ≤ k ≤ 输入数组的大小。

注意：本题与主站 239 题相同：https://leetcode.cn/problems/sliding-window-maximum/

解法

方法一：单调队列

单调队列常见模型：找出滑动窗口中的最大值/最小值。模板：

q = deque()
for i in range(n):
    # 判断队头是否滑出窗口
    while q and checkout_out(q[0]):
        q.popleft()
    while q and check(q[-1]):
        q.pop()
    q.append(i)

时间复杂度 $O(n)$，空间复杂度 $O(k)$。其中 $n$ 为数组长度。

Python3

class Solution:
    def maxSlidingWindow(self, nums: List[int], k: int) -> List[int]:
        q = deque()
        ans = []
        for i, x in enumerate(nums):
        	#入：队尾小于新元素，将不可能成为新窗口最大值【左->右:维护窗口递减队列】
	        while q and nums[q[-1]] <= x:
	            q.pop()
	        q.append(i)
	        #出：大于窗口大小
            if q and i - q[0] + 1 > k:
                q.popleft()
            #记录结果
            if i >= k - 1:
                ans.append(nums[q[0]])
        return ans

Java

class Solution {
    public int[] maxSlidingWindow(int[] nums, int k) {
        int n = nums.length;
        int[] ans = new int[n - k + 1];
        Deque<Integer> q = new ArrayDeque<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (!q.isEmpty() && i - q.peek() + 1 > k) {
                q.poll();
            }
            while (!q.isEmpty() && nums[q.peekLast()] <= nums[i]) {
                q.pollLast();
            }
            q.offer(i);
            if (i >= k - 1) {
                ans[i - k + 1] = nums[q.peek()];
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
}

C++

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> maxSlidingWindow(vector<int>& nums, int k) {
        vector<int> ans;
        deque<int> q;
        int n = nums.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (!q.empty() && i - q.front() + 1 > k) {
                q.pop_front();
            }
            while (!q.empty() && nums[q.back()] <= nums[i]) {
                q.pop_back();
            }
            q.push_back(i);
            if (i >= k - 1) {
                ans.push_back(nums[q.front()]);
            }
        }
        return ans;
    }
};

Go

func maxSlidingWindow(nums []int, k int) (ans []int) {
	q := []int{}
	for i, x := range nums {
		for len(q) > 0 && i-q[0]+1 > k {
			q = q[1:]
		}
		for len(q) > 0 && nums[q[len(q)-1]] <= x {
			q = q[:len(q)-1]
		}
		q = append(q, i)
		if i >= k-1 {
			ans = append(ans, nums[q[0]])
		}
	}
	return
}

TypeScript

function maxSlidingWindow(nums: number[], k: number): number[] {
    const q: number[] = [];
    const n = nums.length;
    const ans: number[] = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        while (q.length && i - q[0] + 1 > k) {
            q.shift();
        }
        while (q.length && nums[q[q.length - 1]] <= nums[i]) {
            q.pop();
        }
        q.push(i);
        if (i >= k - 1) {
            ans.push(nums[q[0]]);
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

Rust

use std::collections::VecDeque;
impl Solution {
    pub fn max_sliding_window(nums: Vec<i32>, k: i32) -> Vec<i32> {
        let k = k as usize;
        let n = nums.len();
        let mut ans = vec![0; n - k + 1];
        let mut q = VecDeque::new();
        for i in 0..n {
            while !q.is_empty() && i - q[0] + 1 > k {
                q.pop_front();
            }
            while !q.is_empty() && nums[*q.back().unwrap()] <= nums[i] {
                q.pop_back();
            }
            q.push_back(i);
            if i >= k - 1 {
                ans[i - k + 1] = nums[q[0]];
            }
        }
        ans
    }
}

JavaScript

/**
 * @param {number[]} nums
 * @param {number} k
 * @return {number[]}
 */
var maxSlidingWindow = function (nums, k) {
    const q = [];
    const n = nums.length;
    const ans = [];
    for (let i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
        while (q.length && i - q[0] + 1 > k) {
            q.shift();
        }
        while (q.length && nums[q[q.length - 1]] <= nums[i]) {
            q.pop();
        }
        q.push(i);
        if (i >= k - 1) {
            ans.push(nums[q[0]]);
        }
    }
    return ans;
};

C#

public class Solution {
    public int[] MaxSlidingWindow(int[] nums, int k) {
        if (nums.Length == 0) {
            return new int[]{};
        }
        int[] array = new int[nums.Length - (k - 1)];
        Queue<int> queue = new Queue<int>();
        int index = 0;
        for (int i = 0; i < nums.Length; i++) {
            queue.Enqueue(nums[i]);
            if (queue.Count == k) {
                array[index] = queue.Max();
                queue.Dequeue();
                index++;
            }
        }
        return array;
    }
}

Swift

class Solution {
    func maxSlidingWindow(_ nums: [Int], _ k: Int) -> [Int] {
        let n = nums.count
        var ans = [Int]()
        var deque = [Int]()

        for i in 0..<n {
            if !deque.isEmpty && deque.first! < i - k + 1 {
                deque.removeFirst()
            }

            while !deque.isEmpty && nums[deque.last!] <= nums[i] {
                deque.removeLast()
            }

            deque.append(i)

            if i >= k - 1 {
                ans.append(nums[deque.first!])
            }
        }

        return ans
    }
}